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Abstract(s)
A população feminina apresenta índices elevados de sintomatologia depressiva. Esta
elevação está relacionada com variáveis psicológicas e sociodemográficas.
O objetivo da investigação é estudar a relação entre a sintomatologia depressiva,
stresse, suporte social e autoestima, bem como a relação entre estas variáveis psicossociais e
as variáveis sociodemográficas nas mulheres portuguesa. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: o
Questionário Socio-demográfico, a Escala de Depressão do Centro de Estudos
Epidemiológicos (CES-D), o Questionário de Conservação de Recursos (COR-E), a Escala de
Suporte Social (SPS) e a Escala da Autoestima (SES), para avaliar 767 mulheres inscritas na
consulta de planeamento familiar, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 64 anos. Os
resultados revelam que 30.8% das mulheres apresentam sintomatologia depressiva e 87.1%
experienciam stresse. Mulheres mais velhas (40-64 anos) apresentam maior sintomatologia
depressiva e menor suporte social. O stresse relaciona-se positivamente com a sintomatologia
depressiva. Verificaram-se correlações negativas entre o suporte social, o stresse e a
sintomatologia depressiva e entre autoestima, o stresse e a sintomatologia depressiva.
Mulheres com maior escolaridade apresentam menor sintomatologia depressiva, maior
stresse, suporte social e autoestima. O rendimento mais elevado está associado a maior stresse
no tempo e no trabalho, maior suporte social e autoestima. Mulheres desempregadas
demonstram maior stresse nas condições domésticas, maior sintomatologia depressiva e
menor autoestima. Mulheres divorciadas apresentam maior stresse financeiro e sintomatologia
depressiva e menor suporte social. E ainda, mulheres religiosas apresentam maior
sintomatologia depressiva e menor suporte social. Concluiu-se que mulheres mais velhas
apresentam maior risco de doença mental por apresentarem maior sintomatologia depressiva,
menor suporte social e menor escolaridade. Salienta-se a importância de implementar
programas de intervenção ao nível da saúde mental que tenham como alvo mulheres nos
cuidados de saúde primários e programas de intervenção em grupo ao nível da prevenção
primária e secundária da sintomatologia depressiva e do stresse, e da promoção da autoestima
e do suporte social.
The female population has high rates of depressive symptomatology. This increase is related to psychological and sociodemographic variables. The aim of this study is verify the relationship between depressive symptomatology, stress, social support and self-esteem as well as the relationship between these psychosocial variables and sociodemographic variables in the Portuguese women. The instruments used were: Socio-demographic questionnaire, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Conservation of Resources-Evaluation (COR-E), Social Provisions Scale: Relationship Questionnaire (SPS) and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) to evaluate 767 women registered in the family planning consultation, aged between 18 and 64 years. The results reveal that 30.8% of women experience depressive symptoms and 87.1% experience stress. Older women (40-64 years) have higher depressive symptomatology and lower social support. Stress is associated positively with depressive symptomatology. There were negative correlations between social support, stress and depressive symptoms and between self-esteem, stress and depressive symptoms. Women with more education have lower depressive symptomatology, greater stress, social support and self-esteem. The higher income is associated with higher stress in time and work, greater social support and self-esteem. Unemployed women show higher stress on domestic conditions, higher depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. Divorced women have higher financial stress and depressive symptomatology and lower social support. And yet, religious women have higher depressive symptomatology and lower social support. It was concluded that older women are at higther risk of mental illness because they have highter levels of depressive symptomatology, less social support and less education. It emphasizes the importance of implementing intervention programs to mental health level that target women in primary health care and intervention programs in group at the primary and secondary prevention of depression and stress, and promoting self-esteem and social support.
The female population has high rates of depressive symptomatology. This increase is related to psychological and sociodemographic variables. The aim of this study is verify the relationship between depressive symptomatology, stress, social support and self-esteem as well as the relationship between these psychosocial variables and sociodemographic variables in the Portuguese women. The instruments used were: Socio-demographic questionnaire, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Conservation of Resources-Evaluation (COR-E), Social Provisions Scale: Relationship Questionnaire (SPS) and Self-Esteem Scale (SES) to evaluate 767 women registered in the family planning consultation, aged between 18 and 64 years. The results reveal that 30.8% of women experience depressive symptoms and 87.1% experience stress. Older women (40-64 years) have higher depressive symptomatology and lower social support. Stress is associated positively with depressive symptomatology. There were negative correlations between social support, stress and depressive symptoms and between self-esteem, stress and depressive symptoms. Women with more education have lower depressive symptomatology, greater stress, social support and self-esteem. The higher income is associated with higher stress in time and work, greater social support and self-esteem. Unemployed women show higher stress on domestic conditions, higher depressive symptoms and lower self-esteem. Divorced women have higher financial stress and depressive symptomatology and lower social support. And yet, religious women have higher depressive symptomatology and lower social support. It was concluded that older women are at higther risk of mental illness because they have highter levels of depressive symptomatology, less social support and less education. It emphasizes the importance of implementing intervention programs to mental health level that target women in primary health care and intervention programs in group at the primary and secondary prevention of depression and stress, and promoting self-esteem and social support.
Description
Keywords
Stresse Sintomatologia depressiva Suporte social Autoestima Mulher Diferenças etárias Stress Depressive symptoms Social support Self-esteem Woman Age diferences