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Abstract(s)
O instituto do abandono do trabalho foi introduzido no nosso ordenamento em 1989 com o intuito de agilizar a cessação do contrato de trabalho nas situações de ausência ao serviço pelo trabalhador. O abandono, quer propriamente dito, quer presumido, é constituído por dois elementos - o objetivo e o subjetivo - cuja observância é conditio sine qua non para que o empregador possa comunicar a sua ocorrência ao trabalhador e subsequentemente esteja legitimado para o invocar. É necessário ter sempre em consideração estes aspetos aquando da subsunção jurídica de determinada situação no instituto legal do abandono do trabalho. Destarte, não deve ser considerado abandono do trabalho, o caso em que o trabalhador se ausente do serviço por não querer laborar no local de trabalho indicado pelo empregador, ou por entender que não está obrigado a obedecer a determinada ordem de transferência de local de trabalho ou, até, por achar que a ordem patronal é ilegal. De facto, em nenhuma destas hipóteses o trabalhador tem a real intenção de promover a dissolução do vínculo de trabalho.
The work exit’s legal institute was introduced in the Portuguese legal system in 1989 in order to speed up the termination of the employment contract in the worker’s absence situations. The work exit, both, proprio senso and presumed, is constituted by two elements – the objective and the subjective – whose observance is a sine qua non condition so that the employer can communicate its occurrence to the worker and subsequently is legitimated to invoke it. This aspect must be taken into account in the legal subsumption of a certain situation into the work exit’s institute. Therefore, it should not be considered abandonment of work, the case in which the worker is absent from the service because he does not want to work in the workplace indicated by the employer, or because he understands that he is not obliged to obey a certain order of transfer of place of work or even because he thinks the employer's order is illegal. In fact, in none of these cases does the worker have the real intention of promoting the termination of the employment relationship.
The work exit’s legal institute was introduced in the Portuguese legal system in 1989 in order to speed up the termination of the employment contract in the worker’s absence situations. The work exit, both, proprio senso and presumed, is constituted by two elements – the objective and the subjective – whose observance is a sine qua non condition so that the employer can communicate its occurrence to the worker and subsequently is legitimated to invoke it. This aspect must be taken into account in the legal subsumption of a certain situation into the work exit’s institute. Therefore, it should not be considered abandonment of work, the case in which the worker is absent from the service because he does not want to work in the workplace indicated by the employer, or because he understands that he is not obliged to obey a certain order of transfer of place of work or even because he thinks the employer's order is illegal. In fact, in none of these cases does the worker have the real intention of promoting the termination of the employment relationship.
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Keywords
Abandono do trabalho Abandono presumido Animus extintivo Ausência do trabalhador Cessação do contrato de trabalho Comunicação da ausência Ilisão da presunção Work exit Presumed work exit Extinctive animus Worker absence Termination of the employment contract Absence's communication Presumption's dismissal