Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Após o 11 de Setembro de 2001, assistiu-se na Europa a manifestações a favor da implementação da Xária, bem como os ataques terroristas de Madrid e de Londres criaram a percepção da existência de um movimento único que visa a destruição da civilização ocidental, recorrendo à violência com base em justificações da religião islâmica. Contudo, existem outras ameaças que não se esgotam no uso da violência, pelo que, é necessário identificá-las, para as combater adequadamente. Destarte, a presente dissertação visa responder à seguinte pergunta: como se combate as ameaças Dawa e Jihad, fomentadas pela ideologia do Islamismo Radical e pelos grupos que as defendem? No capítulo 1, serão determinados alguns conceitos programáticos bem como se justificará a escolha da terminologia Islamismo Radical, em confronto com outras designações. No capítulo 2 serão analisados ideólogos que caracterizam e sustentam aquela ideologia, para no final se propor uma definição que permitirá enquadrar o objecto da presente investigação. No capítulo 3, será examinada a forma como o Islamismo Radical se comporta em grupos não violentos, que adoptam a Dawa, bem como em grupos violentos que adoptam a estratégia da Jihad e quais as ameaças que estes grupos representam num espaço europeu. De resto, no capítulo 4, será objecto de investigação a maneira como esta ideologia influencia o processo de radicalização, descrevendo as suas etapas, bem como os seus locais e mecanismos de difusão, que também representam ameaças. No capítulo 5, importa dilucidar sobre as medidas que devem ser tomadas, tendo em consideração as diferentes estratégias utilizadas por grupos não violentos como os violentos, sendo que algumas destas ameaças são comuns (distorções religiosas) e outras são específicas. Finalmente, no capítulo 6, serão discorridas as conclusões da presente dissertação de mestrado.
After September 11 of 2001, we have seen gatherings supporting the implementation of Sharia in Europe, likewise the terrorist attacks in Madrid and London as also created the perception of the existence of a single movement which desires the termination of the western civilization, recurring to violence based on Islamic religion justifications. However, there exist other threats that do not use violence, so it is necessary to identify them for a proper combat. Therefore, the present goal of this thesis is to respond to the following question: how do we fight the Dawa and Jihad threats posed by the Radical Islamism and the groups that defend them? In chapter 1, it will be determined several programmatic concepts and also the justification of the chosen concept Radical Islamism confronting with other terminologies. In chapter 2, it will be analysed several ideologues that support and feeds this ideology, and in the end of the chapter it will be given a definition that determines the object of the present thesis. In chapter 3, it will be examined the way Radical Islamism influences non-violent groups that supports Dawa, as also violent groups that endorses Jihad, and the threats that these groups represents in a European context. In chapter 4, it will be analysed the way this ideology influences the radicalization process, describing its steps, places and mechanisms that also present threats. In chapter 5 it will be important to analyse the measures that must be taken, considering the different strategies posed by non-violent and violent groups, because some threats are common (like religion distortions) but others are specific. Finally, in chapter 6, it will be presented the final conclusions of the present thesis.
After September 11 of 2001, we have seen gatherings supporting the implementation of Sharia in Europe, likewise the terrorist attacks in Madrid and London as also created the perception of the existence of a single movement which desires the termination of the western civilization, recurring to violence based on Islamic religion justifications. However, there exist other threats that do not use violence, so it is necessary to identify them for a proper combat. Therefore, the present goal of this thesis is to respond to the following question: how do we fight the Dawa and Jihad threats posed by the Radical Islamism and the groups that defend them? In chapter 1, it will be determined several programmatic concepts and also the justification of the chosen concept Radical Islamism confronting with other terminologies. In chapter 2, it will be analysed several ideologues that support and feeds this ideology, and in the end of the chapter it will be given a definition that determines the object of the present thesis. In chapter 3, it will be examined the way Radical Islamism influences non-violent groups that supports Dawa, as also violent groups that endorses Jihad, and the threats that these groups represents in a European context. In chapter 4, it will be analysed the way this ideology influences the radicalization process, describing its steps, places and mechanisms that also present threats. In chapter 5 it will be important to analyse the measures that must be taken, considering the different strategies posed by non-violent and violent groups, because some threats are common (like religion distortions) but others are specific. Finally, in chapter 6, it will be presented the final conclusions of the present thesis.
Description
Keywords
Islamismo radical Estado Islâmico Xária Dawa Jihad Radicalização Radical islamism Islamic State Radicalization