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Prevalência e caracterização de lesões de tecidos moles em pacientes com deficiência
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Indivíduos com deficiência apresentam vulnerabilidades acrescidas, sendo a identificação de lesões de tecidos moles um indicador da sua condição de saúde e do acesso a cuidados. Estudos direcionados a este grupo são escassos, limitando a compreensão das suas reais necessidades clínicas. Objetivo: Este estudo propôs-se a determinar a prevalência e a caracterizar clinicamente lesões de tecidos moles orais em adultos com deficiência, institucionalizados na APPACDM-Viseu, investigando a sua relação com diferentes variáveis, além de avaliar potenciais fatores predisponentes e referenciar casos suspeitos. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo observacional transversal, baseado num exame clínico intraoral e na aplicação de um questionário estruturado ao cuidador. Os dados recolhidos foram alvo de análise estatística descritiva e inferencial, com recurso ao software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 26.0, estabelecendo-se p<0,05 como nível de significância. Resultados: A prevalência global de lesões foi de 22,95%. As entidades mais frequentes corresponderam a lesões de mordisqueio, lesões vasculares, papilomas e candidíases pseudomembranosas. Registou-se um predomínio pelo sexo masculino, em particular com idade média mais avançada. Constatou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso de prótese e a presença de lesões inflamatórias/infeciosas, sugerindo um possível fator de risco. Conclusão: A presente investigação surge como um contributo pioneiro para esta temática, evidenciando a importância da monitorização sistemática da mucosa oral deste grupo tão vulnerável. Os resultados obtidos sustentam a necessidade de estratégias preventivas específicas e de protocolos clínicos adaptados, promovendo a equidade em saúde oral.
Introduction: Individuals with disabilities present increased vulnerabilities and the identification of oral soft tissue lesions is an indicator of their health status and access to care. Studies specifically addressing this group are scarce, limiting the understanding of their actual clinical needs. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinically characterize soft tissue lesions in adults with disabilities institutionalized at APPACDM-Viseu, investigating their relationship with different variables, as well as assessing potential predisposing factors and referring suspicious cases. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, based on an intraoral clinical examination and the administration of a structured questionnaire to the caregiver. Data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of lesions was 22.95%. The most frequent entities were mursicatio buccarum, vascular lesions, papillomas and pseudomembranous candidiasis. A predominance was observed in males, particularly among individuals of higher mean age. A statistically significant association was found between denture use and the presence of inflammatory/infectious lesions, suggestion a possible risk factor. Conclusion: This investigation represents a pioneering contribution to this topic, highlighting the importance of systematic monitoring of the oral mucosa in this highly vulnerable group. The findings support the need for specific preventive strategies and adapted clinical protocols, promoting equity in oral health.
Introduction: Individuals with disabilities present increased vulnerabilities and the identification of oral soft tissue lesions is an indicator of their health status and access to care. Studies specifically addressing this group are scarce, limiting the understanding of their actual clinical needs. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinically characterize soft tissue lesions in adults with disabilities institutionalized at APPACDM-Viseu, investigating their relationship with different variables, as well as assessing potential predisposing factors and referring suspicious cases. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, based on an intraoral clinical examination and the administration of a structured questionnaire to the caregiver. Data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 26.0, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of lesions was 22.95%. The most frequent entities were mursicatio buccarum, vascular lesions, papillomas and pseudomembranous candidiasis. A predominance was observed in males, particularly among individuals of higher mean age. A statistically significant association was found between denture use and the presence of inflammatory/infectious lesions, suggestion a possible risk factor. Conclusion: This investigation represents a pioneering contribution to this topic, highlighting the importance of systematic monitoring of the oral mucosa in this highly vulnerable group. The findings support the need for specific preventive strategies and adapted clinical protocols, promoting equity in oral health.
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Keywords
Pessoas com deficiência Desigualdades em saúde Mucosa oral Patologia oral Medicina dentária preventiva Persons with disabilities Health disparities Mouth mucosa Oral pathology Preventive dentistry
Pedagogical Context
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Without CC licence