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Abstract(s)
A desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento tem sido um tema muito debatido nos últimos tempos e especialmente, após a crise económica iniciada em 2007-2008 que é muitas vezes relacionada com o aumento da desigualdade.
Com o evoluir da teoria económica assistiu-se a um relativo abandono do tema da distribuição. Para os clássicos a distribuição do excedente era um tema fundamental, com impacto tanto no bem-estar dos indivíduos como na sustentabilidade económica e social. Com a crescente matematização da economia, a distribuição é analisada como uma questão técnica, definida em termos de curvas da oferta e procura. Além disso, assistiu-se a uma mudança de paradigma, em que a economia deixou de ser a ciência do excedente e da sua produção e distribuição, para se tornar uma ciência centrada na escassez.
Neste contexto em que a distribuição é negligenciada do ponto de vista da teoria económica, o retorno do tema da desigualdade à discussão económica foca essencialmente a sua mensuração empírica, tendo sido desenvolvidos diversos índices sintéticos. No entanto, autores como Sraffa e Sen, são apontados como responsáveis por um renascimento da economia política clássica, onde a distribuição é um tema essencial. Além disso, Sen considera uma abordagem multidimensional da desigualdade, considerando que esta não deve ser medida apenas em termos de rendimento, mas sim ao nível das potencialidades.
Inequality in income distribution is a theme which has been much debated recently, especially after the economic crisis started in 2007-2008, which is often connected to an increase in inequality. As economic theory evolved, there was a relative neglect of the theme of distribution. For the classics the distribution of the surplus was a fundamental theme, with impact not only on individual well-being, but also on economic and social sustainability. With the increasing mathematization of economics, distribution is studied as a technical question. Furthermore, there has been a paradigm shift, in which economics became no longer the science which studies the production and distribution of the surplus, but rather a science centered on scarcity. In this context, in which distribution is neglected from the point of view of economic theory, the return of the theme of inequality to economic discussion focuses essentially on its empirical measurement, through various synthetic indexes that have been developed. However, authors like Sraffa and Sen are seen as the originators of a revival of classical political economy, where distribution is an essential theme. Besides, Sen considers a multidimensional approach to inequality, considering that the latter cannot be measured only in terms of income, but also in terms of capabilities.
Inequality in income distribution is a theme which has been much debated recently, especially after the economic crisis started in 2007-2008, which is often connected to an increase in inequality. As economic theory evolved, there was a relative neglect of the theme of distribution. For the classics the distribution of the surplus was a fundamental theme, with impact not only on individual well-being, but also on economic and social sustainability. With the increasing mathematization of economics, distribution is studied as a technical question. Furthermore, there has been a paradigm shift, in which economics became no longer the science which studies the production and distribution of the surplus, but rather a science centered on scarcity. In this context, in which distribution is neglected from the point of view of economic theory, the return of the theme of inequality to economic discussion focuses essentially on its empirical measurement, through various synthetic indexes that have been developed. However, authors like Sraffa and Sen are seen as the originators of a revival of classical political economy, where distribution is an essential theme. Besides, Sen considers a multidimensional approach to inequality, considering that the latter cannot be measured only in terms of income, but also in terms of capabilities.
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Keywords
Desigualdade Sustentabilidade Teoria económica Distribuição do rendimento Abordagem da potencialidades Inequality Sustainability Economic theory Income distribution Capability approach