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Introdução: A doença periodontal é uma patologia frequente nos dias de hoje, sendo a segunda mais comum na cavidade oral. Devido à sua alta prevalência e etiologia multifatorial, é importante a sua prevenção e controlo, de maneira a impedir o progresso e possíveis consequências desta patologia. Pode ter diversos estádios, desde a gengivite até ao mais grave: a periodontite crónica avançada generalizada. O surgimento e evolução da patologia está associado a diversos fatores, como os níveis de placa bacteriana, tabagismo, hipertensão, diabetes descontrolada, toma de alguns medicamentos, gravidez, entre outros.
Objetivo: Com este estudo pretende-se verificar a prevalência dos fatores de risco da periodontite e correlacioná-los com a presença e grau da patologia nos utentes da Clínica Dentária Universitária.
Metodologia: Analisou-se a história clínica e periodontograma de todos os pacientes que recorreram às consultas de periodontologia da Clínica Dentária Universitária pelo menos 3 vezes nos últimos 5 anos, tendo-se obtido uma amostra válida de 446 pacientes. Em cada um destes pacientes foram recolhidos os dados relativos à presença e nível de patologias, ao seu género, idade, higiene, hábitos tabágicos.
Resultados: Pelos resultados evidenciados, podemos concluir que a patologia mais prevalente é a periodontite crónica moderada (33,2%), e que patologias cardíacas, imunossupressoras, ou a diabetes, afetam a prevalência de doenças periodontais nos indivíduos. A presença de hábitos tabágicos também tem um grande impacto na saúde periodontal dos pacientes.
Conclusão: No diagnóstico da doença periodontal, é fundamental uma boa análise da história clínica de cada paciente, pois aquela encontra-se muitas vezes associada a outras patologias sistémicas, que vão influenciar os tratamentos e cuidados a ter com esse paciente, e quantos mais fatores de risco o paciente possuir, maior a probabilidade de desenvolver patologia periodontal e, sobretudo, numa forma mais avançada.
Introduction: The periodontal disease is a frequent condition nowadays, being the second most common in the oral cavity. Due to its high prevalence and multifactorial etiology, its prevention and control are important in order to prevent the progress and possible consequences of this pathology. It may have several stages beginning with gingivitis and the most severe being chronic advanced generalized periodontitis. The onset and evolution of the pathology is associated with several factors, such as bacterial plaque, smoking, high blood pressure, uncontrolled diabetes, medications, pregnancy, among others. Objective: This study intends to verify the prevalence of risk factors of periodontitis and correlate with the presence and degree of pathology in the users of the University Dental Clinic. Methodology: An analysis was made of the clinical history and periodontogram of all the patients who attended to the periodontal appointments at the university clinic at least 3 times in the last 5 years, thus obtaining a total of 446 patients. In each of these patients data were collected regarding the presence and level of pathology, their sex, age, hygiene, smoking habits. Results: Among the results we can conclude that the most prevalent pathology is moderate chronic periodontitis (33.2%) and that cardiac pathologies, immunosuppressive diseases or diabetes affect the prevalence of periodontal diseases in individuals. The presence of smoking habits will also have a major impact on patients' periodontal health. Conclusion: In the diagnosis of periodontal disease, a good analysis of the clinical history of each patient is essential because it is often associated with other systemic pathologies that will influence the treatments and care of the patient, and how many more risk factors the patient has, more likely is to develop periodontal disease and, above all, in a more advanced form.
Introduction: The periodontal disease is a frequent condition nowadays, being the second most common in the oral cavity. Due to its high prevalence and multifactorial etiology, its prevention and control are important in order to prevent the progress and possible consequences of this pathology. It may have several stages beginning with gingivitis and the most severe being chronic advanced generalized periodontitis. The onset and evolution of the pathology is associated with several factors, such as bacterial plaque, smoking, high blood pressure, uncontrolled diabetes, medications, pregnancy, among others. Objective: This study intends to verify the prevalence of risk factors of periodontitis and correlate with the presence and degree of pathology in the users of the University Dental Clinic. Methodology: An analysis was made of the clinical history and periodontogram of all the patients who attended to the periodontal appointments at the university clinic at least 3 times in the last 5 years, thus obtaining a total of 446 patients. In each of these patients data were collected regarding the presence and level of pathology, their sex, age, hygiene, smoking habits. Results: Among the results we can conclude that the most prevalent pathology is moderate chronic periodontitis (33.2%) and that cardiac pathologies, immunosuppressive diseases or diabetes affect the prevalence of periodontal diseases in individuals. The presence of smoking habits will also have a major impact on patients' periodontal health. Conclusion: In the diagnosis of periodontal disease, a good analysis of the clinical history of each patient is essential because it is often associated with other systemic pathologies that will influence the treatments and care of the patient, and how many more risk factors the patient has, more likely is to develop periodontal disease and, above all, in a more advanced form.
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Clínica Dentária Universitária Doença periodontal Periodontite Fatores de risco University Dental Clinic Periodontal disease Periodontitis Risk factor