Loading...
Publication
Processo de tomada de decisão na vacinação sazonal : promoção da literacia
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.71 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A hesitação vacinal é considerada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) uma das dez maiores ameaças à saúde pública global, representando um obstáculo à imunização e ao controle de doenças evitáveis. No contexto das Estruturas Residenciais Para Idosos (ERPI), a adesão à vacinação sazonal entre os profissionais de saúde tem vindo a diminuir, comprometendo a proteção dos idosos institucionalizados, um grupo altamente vulnerável. No âmbito do Estágio Final realizado numa Unidade de Saúde Pública (USP) na área metropolitana do Porto, identificou-se no Plano Local de Saúde (PLS) de 2023 uma redução significativa da cobertura vacinal entre esses profissionais. Diante desse cenário, foi desenvolvido o Projeto de Intervenção Comunitária "Vacinação – Por Ti, Por Nós", com o objetivo de aumentar a adesão à vacinação sazonal contra a Gripe e a Covid-19. Metodologia: Para fundamentar a intervenção, foi realizado um Diagnóstico de Situação de Saúde (DSS), baseado nos dados epidemiológicos do PLS de 2023 e relatórios da Direção Geral da Saúde (DGS). Além disso, foi conduzida uma revisão da literatura para identificar os fatores que influenciam a hesitação vacinal, destacando-se a perceção de baixo risco de infeção, a falta de confiança na eficácia da vacina, o receio dos efeitos adversos e o medo do procedimento vacinal. Com base nestes dados, foram delineadas estratégias de intervenção focadas na sensibilização e promoção da literacia em saúde, utilizando abordagens presenciais e digitais para disseminação de informação qualificada. O projeto foi implementado em 592 profissionais de saúde das ERPI parceiras da USP, englobando ações direcionadas tanto para manter a adesão dos já vacinados, quanto para modificar a decisão dos profissionais hesitantes. Resultados: A avaliação final da intervenção revelou um aumento de 5% na adesão à vacinação contra a Gripe e 4% contra a Covid-19, entre os profissionais das ERPI, comparativamente aos dados obtidos no final de outubro de 2024. Esse avanço, ainda que modesto, demonstrou o impacto positivo das ações implementadas com a alteração de comportamentos vacinais. Adicionalmente, uma análise comparativa dos dados da DGS referentes às campanhas vacinais 2022/2023 e 2023/2024 evidenciou uma tendência nacional de redução da adesão vacinal, o que reforça a relevância de intervenções locais direcionadas. Apesar dos progressos observados, a taxa de cobertura vacinal entre os profissionais das ERPI permanece abaixo das metas estabelecidas, indicando que a hesitação vacinal continua a ser um desafio relevante a ser enfrentado. Discussão: Os resultados demonstram que estratégias de sensibilização e promoção da literacia em saúde podem contribuir para o aumento da adesão vacinal, embora o impacto ainda seja limitado perante um fenômeno multifatorial. A tendência de redução nacional da adesão vacinal indica a necessidade de ações mais amplas e contínuas, que combinem políticas públicas eficazes, incentivos institucionais e maior envolvimento das ERPI na promoção da vacinação. Além disso, a intensificação de estratégias presenciais e interativas, aliadas ao uso de tecnologias digitais, pode aumentar o alcance das ações e facilitar o engajamento dos profissionais. Conclusão: O Projeto "Vacinação – Por Ti, Por Nós" demonstrou um impacto positivo na adesão vacinal dos profissionais de saúde das ERPI, destacando a importância de intervenções focadas na literacia em saúde. No entanto, a queda contínua da cobertura vacinal a nível nacional e local reforça a necessidade de intervenções sustentadas no tempo, que aliem campanhas educativas contínuas, facilitação do acesso e estratégias inovadoras de sensibilização, visando garantir a proteção coletiva e a segurança dos grupos mais vulneráveis.
Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the ten greatest threats to global public health, representing an obstacle to immunization and the control of preventable diseases. In the context of Residential Structures for the Elderly (ERPI), adherence to seasonal vaccination among healthcare professionals has been declining, compromising the protection of institutionalized elderly people, a highly vulnerable group. Within the scope of the Final Internship carried out in a Public Health Unit (USP) in the metropolitan area of Porto, a significant reduction in vaccine coverage among these professionals was identified in the 2023 Local Health Plan (PLS). In response to this scenario, the Community Intervention Project "Vaccination – For You, For Us" was developed, with the aim of increasing adherence to seasonal vaccination against the Flu and COVID-19. Methodology: To support the intervention, a Health Situation Diagnosis (DSS) was carried out, based on epidemiological data from the 2023 PLS and reports from the Directorate General of Health (DGS). Additionally, a literature review was conducted to identify factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, including perceptions of low risk of infection, lack of trust in vaccine efficacy, fear of side effects, and the fear of the vaccination procedure. Based on these data, intervention strategies were outlined, focusing on raising awareness and promoting health literacy, using both in-person and digital approaches to disseminate qualified information. The project was implemented with 592 healthcare professionals from ERPI partners of the USP, encompassing actions aimed both at maintaining the adherence of those already vaccinated and at changing the decision of hesitant professionals. Results: The final evaluation of the intervention showed a 5% increase in adherence to the Flu vaccination and a 4% increase for Covid-19 among the professionals in the ERPI, compared to the data obtained at the end of October 2024. Although modest, this progress demonstrated the positive impact of the actions implemented, with changes in vaccination behaviors. Additionally, a comparative analysis of DGS data for the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 vaccination campaigns highlighted a national trend of reduced vaccine adherence, which reinforces the relevance of targeted local interventions. Despite the observed progress, vaccine coverage among ERPI professionals remains below the established goals, indicating that vaccine hesitancy continues to be a significant challenge to address. Discussion: The results show that awareness-raising and health literacy promotion strategies can contribute to increased vaccine adherence, although the impact remains limited given the multifactorial nature of the phenomenon. The national trend of reduced vaccine adherence points to the need for broader and continuous actions that combine effective public policies, institutional incentives, and greater involvement of ERPI in promoting vaccination. Furthermore, intensifying in-person and interactive strategies, alongside the use of digital technologies, can increase the reach of actions and facilitate professional engagement. Conclusion: The "Vaccination – For You, For Us" Project demonstrated a positive impact on vaccine adherence among healthcare professionals in the ERPI, highlighting the importance of interventions focused on health literacy. However, the ongoing decline in vaccine coverage at the national and local levels reinforces the need for sustained interventions over time, combining continuous educational campaigns, facilitating access, and innovative awareness strategies, aiming to ensure collective protection and the safety of the most vulnerable groups.
Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the ten greatest threats to global public health, representing an obstacle to immunization and the control of preventable diseases. In the context of Residential Structures for the Elderly (ERPI), adherence to seasonal vaccination among healthcare professionals has been declining, compromising the protection of institutionalized elderly people, a highly vulnerable group. Within the scope of the Final Internship carried out in a Public Health Unit (USP) in the metropolitan area of Porto, a significant reduction in vaccine coverage among these professionals was identified in the 2023 Local Health Plan (PLS). In response to this scenario, the Community Intervention Project "Vaccination – For You, For Us" was developed, with the aim of increasing adherence to seasonal vaccination against the Flu and COVID-19. Methodology: To support the intervention, a Health Situation Diagnosis (DSS) was carried out, based on epidemiological data from the 2023 PLS and reports from the Directorate General of Health (DGS). Additionally, a literature review was conducted to identify factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, including perceptions of low risk of infection, lack of trust in vaccine efficacy, fear of side effects, and the fear of the vaccination procedure. Based on these data, intervention strategies were outlined, focusing on raising awareness and promoting health literacy, using both in-person and digital approaches to disseminate qualified information. The project was implemented with 592 healthcare professionals from ERPI partners of the USP, encompassing actions aimed both at maintaining the adherence of those already vaccinated and at changing the decision of hesitant professionals. Results: The final evaluation of the intervention showed a 5% increase in adherence to the Flu vaccination and a 4% increase for Covid-19 among the professionals in the ERPI, compared to the data obtained at the end of October 2024. Although modest, this progress demonstrated the positive impact of the actions implemented, with changes in vaccination behaviors. Additionally, a comparative analysis of DGS data for the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 vaccination campaigns highlighted a national trend of reduced vaccine adherence, which reinforces the relevance of targeted local interventions. Despite the observed progress, vaccine coverage among ERPI professionals remains below the established goals, indicating that vaccine hesitancy continues to be a significant challenge to address. Discussion: The results show that awareness-raising and health literacy promotion strategies can contribute to increased vaccine adherence, although the impact remains limited given the multifactorial nature of the phenomenon. The national trend of reduced vaccine adherence points to the need for broader and continuous actions that combine effective public policies, institutional incentives, and greater involvement of ERPI in promoting vaccination. Furthermore, intensifying in-person and interactive strategies, alongside the use of digital technologies, can increase the reach of actions and facilitate professional engagement. Conclusion: The "Vaccination – For You, For Us" Project demonstrated a positive impact on vaccine adherence among healthcare professionals in the ERPI, highlighting the importance of interventions focused on health literacy. However, the ongoing decline in vaccine coverage at the national and local levels reinforces the need for sustained interventions over time, combining continuous educational campaigns, facilitating access, and innovative awareness strategies, aiming to ensure collective protection and the safety of the most vulnerable groups.
Description
Keywords
Hesitação vacinal Gripe Covid Profissionais de saúde Vaccine hesitancy Flu Covid-19 Healthcare professionals
Citation
Publisher
CC License
Without CC licence