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São muitos os testemunhos sobre experiências e aprendizagens onde a importância de, por exemplo, um livro, filme ou uma música é salientada. A motivação que deu origem a esta dissertação foi a curiosidade em estudar a amplitude dos efeitos acidentalmente provocados pelas artes e cultura. Um novo tópico surgiu recentemente no âmbito das Indústrias Culturais e Criativas (ICC) – os efeitos spillover. Este é um fenómeno complexo, relacionado com as influências e interações do Setor Cultural e Criativo dentro ou fora do setor, gerando, involuntariamente – condição sine qua non –, efeitos positivos ou negativos, que se estendem a toda a economia e sociedade em geral. Face à prematuridade e escassez de estudos sobre o tópico, esta dissertação desenvolve um mapeamento da literatura sistemático e descreve e discute as características das evidências que, ao longo da última década, abordaram o efeito spillover das Indústrias Culturais e Criativas. Foi recolhida e analisada informação sobre o país de origem, as áreas de estudo e as metodologias adotadas nas publicações, bem como os conceitos-chave abordados, o tipo de impactos estudados e os resultados das investigações. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi realizada uma scoping review, seguindo as orientações da metodologia PRISMA-ScR, Com recurso a duas bases de dados, Web of Science e Scopus, a pesquisa ocorreu em julho de 2022, através da combinação dos descritores selecionados e termos booleanos e a restrição às evidências publicadas entre o dia 1 de janeiro de 2012 e o dia 31 de dezembro de 2021, redigidas em português, inglês, espanhol ou francês. Um rigoroso processo de seleção em duas fases, resultou numa biblioteca final de 47 evidências. Os resultados mostraram uma variação nos termos adotados na referência aos efeitos involuntários do setor, demonstrando a fraca normalização da terminologia adotada. Além disso, percebeu-se que a aplicação do termo ‘spillover’ é, por vezes, enganosa, uma vez que, em alguns casos, a condição acima mencionada não é garantida. A investigação analisada nesta revisão revelou padrões, mas também a heterogeneidade e uma certa ambiguidade associada ao tópico de estudo. Face à abrangência e heterogeneidade dos resultados, considera-se que esta dissertação é um mapa capaz de orientar, na teoria e na prática, a investigação sobre o tema dos efeitos spillover das ICC, ainda que de forma superficial. De facto, importa sublinhar a necessidade de cautela, devido à complexidade das relações entre as ICC e o ambiente que as envolve. Conforme será possível constatar ao longo da revisão desenvolvida, os efeitos spillover das ICC fazem-se sentir em diferentes agentes, e um vasto conjunto de domínios distintos – alguns não diretamente relacionados, a priori, com a atividade cultural e criativa – é afetado, positiva ou negativamente, pela produção, disseminação ou até a presença das atividades culturais e criativas. Os resultados e a sua discussão podem facilitar ou orientar a tomada de decisão por parte das autarquias, profissionais das ICC, bem como responsáveis pela delineação de políticas culturais. Os resultados podem também ajudar a comunidade científica na identificação de tendências, limitações e lacunas na investigação sobre os efeitos spillover das ICC e indica possíveis linhas para investigação futura. Como reflexão, importa salientar que a noção dos efeitos spillover das ICC, ainda que capaz de beneficiar na tomada de decisões e delineação de políticas e estratégias, não deve ser confundida como uma forma de adulterar ou pugnar a criação artística e criativa.
There are many testimonies related to experiences and life lessons where the importance of, for example, a book, film, or song is highlighted. The motivation that gave rise to this thesis was the curiosity to study the magnitude of the effects accidentally caused by arts and culture. A new topic has emerged in the creative and cultural industries’ realm – the spillover effects. This is a complex phenomenon, related to the influences and interactions of the creative and cultural sectors, within or outside the sector, that generate, involuntarily - a sine qua non condition -, positive or negative effects that spread across the economy and society. Due to the premature and scarce literature on the topic, the present thesis presents a systematic mapping of literature and intends to describe the evidence published over the last decade on the spillover effects of Creative and Cultural Industries (CCI). Information about the country of origin, study fields, and adopted methodologies in each publication, was collected and analysed as well as the key-concepts addressed, impacts studied, and the results of the investigations. To achieve that purpose, a scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and recommendations for scoping reviews. By using two databases, Web of Science and Scopus, the research was conducted in July 2022, combining the selected keywords, Boolean terms, and restricting evidence published between 1 st January 2012 and 31 st December 2021, from studies written in Portuguese, English, Spanish, and French. A rigorous two-stage selection process resulted in a final set of 47 evidences. The results showed a variation in the terms adopted in reference to the involuntary effects of the sector, which demonstrates the weak standardization of the adopted terminology. In addition, it should be noted that the application of the term ‘spillover’ is sometimes misleading, since, in some cases, the aforementioned condition is not met. The investigation revealed patterns, but also heterogeneity and a certain ambiguity associated with the subject of study. Given the scopes and heterogeneity of the results, it is considered that this thesis is a map capable of guiding, in theory and in practice, research on the topic of spillover effects of the cultural and creative industries, even if on a superficial level. In fact, it is important to underline the need for caution, due to the complexity of the relations between the CCI and the environment that surrounds them. As it will be possible to verify throughout the review, the CCI spillover effects are felt in different agents, and a vast set of domains – some not directly related, a priori, with cultural and creative activity – are positive or negatively affected by the production, dissemination or even the presence of CCI. The results and their discussion can facilitate or guide decision-making by municipalities, CCI professionals, as well as policy makers in the cultural and artistic field. These results can help the research community identify trends, limitations, and research gaps on creative and cultural industries spillover effects and reveal possible directions for future research. As a reflection, it is important to emphasize that the notion of spillover effects of CCI, although capable of benefiting decision-making and the design of policies and strategies, should not be used as a way of adulterating or fighting artistic and creative creation.
There are many testimonies related to experiences and life lessons where the importance of, for example, a book, film, or song is highlighted. The motivation that gave rise to this thesis was the curiosity to study the magnitude of the effects accidentally caused by arts and culture. A new topic has emerged in the creative and cultural industries’ realm – the spillover effects. This is a complex phenomenon, related to the influences and interactions of the creative and cultural sectors, within or outside the sector, that generate, involuntarily - a sine qua non condition -, positive or negative effects that spread across the economy and society. Due to the premature and scarce literature on the topic, the present thesis presents a systematic mapping of literature and intends to describe the evidence published over the last decade on the spillover effects of Creative and Cultural Industries (CCI). Information about the country of origin, study fields, and adopted methodologies in each publication, was collected and analysed as well as the key-concepts addressed, impacts studied, and the results of the investigations. To achieve that purpose, a scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and recommendations for scoping reviews. By using two databases, Web of Science and Scopus, the research was conducted in July 2022, combining the selected keywords, Boolean terms, and restricting evidence published between 1 st January 2012 and 31 st December 2021, from studies written in Portuguese, English, Spanish, and French. A rigorous two-stage selection process resulted in a final set of 47 evidences. The results showed a variation in the terms adopted in reference to the involuntary effects of the sector, which demonstrates the weak standardization of the adopted terminology. In addition, it should be noted that the application of the term ‘spillover’ is sometimes misleading, since, in some cases, the aforementioned condition is not met. The investigation revealed patterns, but also heterogeneity and a certain ambiguity associated with the subject of study. Given the scopes and heterogeneity of the results, it is considered that this thesis is a map capable of guiding, in theory and in practice, research on the topic of spillover effects of the cultural and creative industries, even if on a superficial level. In fact, it is important to underline the need for caution, due to the complexity of the relations between the CCI and the environment that surrounds them. As it will be possible to verify throughout the review, the CCI spillover effects are felt in different agents, and a vast set of domains – some not directly related, a priori, with cultural and creative activity – are positive or negatively affected by the production, dissemination or even the presence of CCI. The results and their discussion can facilitate or guide decision-making by municipalities, CCI professionals, as well as policy makers in the cultural and artistic field. These results can help the research community identify trends, limitations, and research gaps on creative and cultural industries spillover effects and reveal possible directions for future research. As a reflection, it is important to emphasize that the notion of spillover effects of CCI, although capable of benefiting decision-making and the design of policies and strategies, should not be used as a way of adulterating or fighting artistic and creative creation.
Description
Keywords
Indústrias culturais e criativas (ICC) Efeitos spillover Impactos socioeconómicos Mapeamento da literatura Scoping review Cultural and creative industries Spillover effects Socioeconomic impacts Scientific mapping Scoping review