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Prevenir infeções respiratórias nas pessoas idosas em estruturas residenciais : intervenção de enfermagem de saúde pública
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O envelhecimento da população é um fenómeno que afeta quase todos os países desenvolvidos (European Union, 2019). O aumento da esperança de vida é, na maioria das vezes, associado a anos de vida saudável. Contudo, há algumas pessoas idosas que vivem os últimos dias mais fragilizados e doentes e, consequentemente, dependentes de outros na realização de atividades de vida diária (European Union, 2019), pelo que podem necessitar de integrar instituições residenciais (National Institute on Aging, 2023). O maior grau de dependência e a idade mais avançada torna os residentes destas instituições mais suscetíveis a infeções, nomeadamente, às infeções respiratórias (Gaspard et al., 2019), assim, como forma de as prevenir, é essencial a formação dos profissionais ao nível da prevenção e controlo de infeções (Gilbert, 2020). Durante o estágio final, realizado numa Unidade de Saúde Pública, tendo por base a metodologia do planeamento da saúde de Imperatori e Giraldes (1993) e o modelo de promoção da saúde de Nola Pender (2019) foi desenvolvido um projeto de intervenção comunitária com o objetivo de contribuir para a capacitação das cuidadoras formais, de uma estrutura residencial para pessoas idosas, na prevenção e controlo de infeções respiratórias. Para a realização do diagnóstico de situação foram realizadas reuniões com peritos, feita pesquisa sobre a evidência científica mais atual, realizadas entrevistas a profissionais da instituição e aplicados questionários aos cuidadores formais. De forma a atingir os objetivos foram definidas diversas atividades, das quais se destaca a realização de sessões de formação aos cuidadores formais. A avaliação final foi positiva, correspondendo aos indicadores previstos e relacionados com o nível da satisfação dos cuidadores formais em relação às sessões desenvolvidas, assim como, o feedback recebido após a divulgação do projeto aos profissionais da Unidade de Saúde Pública. O estágio final e a elaboração deste relatório foram imprescindíveis para a aquisição de competências de mestre e especialista em enfermagem de saúde comunitária e saúde pública.
Population ageing is a phenomenon that affects almost all developed countries (European Union, 2019). Increased life expectancy is most often associated with healthy life years. However, there are some elderly people who live the last days more fragile and sicker and, consequently, depend on others to carry out activities of daily living (European Union, 2019), so they may need to join residential institutions (National Institute on Aging, 2023). The higher degree of dependence and older age make the residents of these institutions more susceptible to infections, namely respiratory infections (Gaspard et al., 2019), thus, to prevent them, it is essential to train professionals in infection prevention and control (Gilbert, 2020) During the final internship, carried out in a Public Health Unit, based on the health planning methodology of Imperatori and Giraldes (1993) and the health promotion model of Nola Pender (2019), a community intervention project was developed with the aim of contributing to the training of formal caregivers, of a residential structure for the elderly, in the prevention and control of respiratory infections. To carry out the diagnosis of the situation, meetings were held with experts, research was carried out on the most current scientific evidence, interviews were conducted with professionals of the institution and questionnaires were applied to formal caregivers. To achieve this goal, several activities were defined, of which the training sessions for formal caregivers stand out. The final evaluation was positive, corresponding to the predicted indicators related to the level of satisfaction of the formal caregivers in relation to the sessions developed, as well as the feedback received after the dissemination of the project to the professionals of the Public Health Unit. The final internship and the preparation of this report were essential for the acquisition of master's and specialist competencies in community health and public health nursing.
Population ageing is a phenomenon that affects almost all developed countries (European Union, 2019). Increased life expectancy is most often associated with healthy life years. However, there are some elderly people who live the last days more fragile and sicker and, consequently, depend on others to carry out activities of daily living (European Union, 2019), so they may need to join residential institutions (National Institute on Aging, 2023). The higher degree of dependence and older age make the residents of these institutions more susceptible to infections, namely respiratory infections (Gaspard et al., 2019), thus, to prevent them, it is essential to train professionals in infection prevention and control (Gilbert, 2020) During the final internship, carried out in a Public Health Unit, based on the health planning methodology of Imperatori and Giraldes (1993) and the health promotion model of Nola Pender (2019), a community intervention project was developed with the aim of contributing to the training of formal caregivers, of a residential structure for the elderly, in the prevention and control of respiratory infections. To carry out the diagnosis of the situation, meetings were held with experts, research was carried out on the most current scientific evidence, interviews were conducted with professionals of the institution and questionnaires were applied to formal caregivers. To achieve this goal, several activities were defined, of which the training sessions for formal caregivers stand out. The final evaluation was positive, corresponding to the predicted indicators related to the level of satisfaction of the formal caregivers in relation to the sessions developed, as well as the feedback received after the dissemination of the project to the professionals of the Public Health Unit. The final internship and the preparation of this report were essential for the acquisition of master's and specialist competencies in community health and public health nursing.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Envelhecimento populacional Estruturas residenciais para pessoas idosas Infeções respiratórias Cuidadores formais Population ageing Residential facilities for the elderly Respiratory tract infections Formal caregivers
Contexto Educativo
Citação
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC