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Os hábitos de sono têm um papel fundamental em todo o processo de desenvolvimento, estado emocional e funcionalidade nos diferentes domínios da vida da criança. Nos últimos anos temos assistido ao crescente interesse por esta temática, surgindo num conjunto de estudos em relação ao sono na infância centrados na perceção infantil e parental e nas crenças subjacentes ao sono e ao adormecer. Os objetivos gerais do estudo foram os de: a) conhecer os hábitos de sono das crianças do 3º ano do Ensino Básico das Escolas de Santa Maria da Feira; b)Identificar, desenvolver e dinamizar estratégias potenciadoras de hábitos de sono estruturados e sustentados. O trabalho foi desenvolvido num Agrupamento de Escolas de Santa Maria da Feira em conjunto com a Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade de Santa Maria da Feira, no âmbito do estágio do mestrado profissional em Enfermagem Comunitária e compreendeu duas fases. A primeira (Módulo I) que decorreu nos últimos dois meses do ano letivo 2016/2017, caracterizou-se pela realização de um diagnóstico da situação com a aplicação de dois questionários: Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) – aplicado aos Encarregados de Educação e Sleep Self Report (SSR) – aplicado às crianças.1 A segunda fase (Módulo II) realizou-se no início do ano letivo 2017/2018 e caracterizouse pela identificação, desenvolvimento e dinamização de estratégias potenciadoras de hábitos de sono estruturados e sustentados. Relativamente aos resultados identificaram-se necessidades de intervenção em três momentos dos hábitos do sono: a)À hora de deitar (horário de deitar, medo do escuro, tempo necessário para adormecer, resistência em ir para a cama…), b) Comportamento durante o sono (dorme muito, sono agitado, pesadelos, dificuldade em voltar a adormecer durante a noite…), e c) De manhã e durante o dia (dificuldade em acordar, sonolência durante o dia…). Dos dados obtidos foi estruturado um plano de intervenção comunitário para reduzir o impacto que estas necessidades possam provocar na vida destas crianças, assim como nas dinâmicas familiares. Deste plano faziam parte objetivos e estratégias a curto, médio e longo prazo. Destas destacamos a formação dada aos docentes (registando-se um ganho de conhecimento de 33,3%), aos encarregados de educação e a sensibilização à comunidade com a participação no evento científico local. Os dados obtidos revelam a importância de uma maior ênfase na temática do sono infantil, bem como uma maior necessidade de acompanhamento e envolvimento parental nos hábitos de sono e de dormir. Na verdade, os professores, educadores de infância e enfermeiros podem ajudar na adoção de práticas de sono saudáveis, na fomentação de rotinas estruturadas e no acompanhamento das situações inerentes ao sono e ao dormir seriam medidas importantes a desenvolver no seio de cada família. Para isso, torna-se fundamental sensibilizar e formar estes grupos profissionais para a identificação, desenvolvimento e dinamização de estratégias potenciadoras de hábitos de sono estruturados e sustentados.
The sleep habits are a key role in the development process, emotional state and functionality in different areas of the child´s life. In the past few years the growing interest has translated into a wide range of studies on the issues of sleep in childhood, the literature review carried out found a small number of investigations centered on the child's perceptions and beliefs underlying the sleep and falling asleep. Therefore, the present work aims to meet the overall sleep habits and sleep related problems reported by tutors and children as well as the understanding of sleep and sleep facilitating strategies referred by children. The work was developed in a Santa Maria da Feira School Grouping in conjunction with the Community Care Unit of Santa Maria da Feira, within the scope of the professional master's degree course in Community Nursing and comprised two phases. The first one (Module I), which took place in the last two months of the 2016/2017 school year, was characterized by a diagnosis of the situation with the application of two questionnaires: Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) - applied to the tutors and Sleep Self Report (SSR) - applied to children. The second phase (Module II) took place at the beginning of the 2017/2018 school year and was characterized by the identification, development and dynamization of strategies that promote structured and sustained sleep habits. Regarding the results, we identified the need for intervention in three moments of sleep habits: a) At bedtime (bedtime, fear of the dark, time to fall asleep, resistance to bed ...) b) Behavior during sleep (sleep a lot, restless sleep, nightmares, difficulty falling asleep at night ...), and c) morning and daytime (difficulty waking up, drowsiness during the day ...). From the data obtained, a community intervention plan was designed to reduce the impact these needs may have on the lives of these children, as well as on family dynamics. This plan included objectives and strategies in the short, medium and long term. Of these, we highlight the training given to teachers (registering a knowledge gain of 33.3%), those in charge of education and awareness of the community with participation in the local scientific event. The data obtained reveal the importance of a greater emphasis on the theme of infant sleep, as well as a greater need for follow-up and parental involvement in sleep and sleeping habits. Indeed, teachers, nursery teachers, and nurses can assist in adopting healthy sleep practices, fostering structured routines, and following up on sleep and sleeping situations would be important measures to develop within each family. Therefore, it is fundamental to sensitize and train these professional groups for the identification, development and dynamization of strategies that promote structured and sustained sleep habits.
The sleep habits are a key role in the development process, emotional state and functionality in different areas of the child´s life. In the past few years the growing interest has translated into a wide range of studies on the issues of sleep in childhood, the literature review carried out found a small number of investigations centered on the child's perceptions and beliefs underlying the sleep and falling asleep. Therefore, the present work aims to meet the overall sleep habits and sleep related problems reported by tutors and children as well as the understanding of sleep and sleep facilitating strategies referred by children. The work was developed in a Santa Maria da Feira School Grouping in conjunction with the Community Care Unit of Santa Maria da Feira, within the scope of the professional master's degree course in Community Nursing and comprised two phases. The first one (Module I), which took place in the last two months of the 2016/2017 school year, was characterized by a diagnosis of the situation with the application of two questionnaires: Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) - applied to the tutors and Sleep Self Report (SSR) - applied to children. The second phase (Module II) took place at the beginning of the 2017/2018 school year and was characterized by the identification, development and dynamization of strategies that promote structured and sustained sleep habits. Regarding the results, we identified the need for intervention in three moments of sleep habits: a) At bedtime (bedtime, fear of the dark, time to fall asleep, resistance to bed ...) b) Behavior during sleep (sleep a lot, restless sleep, nightmares, difficulty falling asleep at night ...), and c) morning and daytime (difficulty waking up, drowsiness during the day ...). From the data obtained, a community intervention plan was designed to reduce the impact these needs may have on the lives of these children, as well as on family dynamics. This plan included objectives and strategies in the short, medium and long term. Of these, we highlight the training given to teachers (registering a knowledge gain of 33.3%), those in charge of education and awareness of the community with participation in the local scientific event. The data obtained reveal the importance of a greater emphasis on the theme of infant sleep, as well as a greater need for follow-up and parental involvement in sleep and sleeping habits. Indeed, teachers, nursery teachers, and nurses can assist in adopting healthy sleep practices, fostering structured routines, and following up on sleep and sleeping situations would be important measures to develop within each family. Therefore, it is fundamental to sensitize and train these professional groups for the identification, development and dynamization of strategies that promote structured and sustained sleep habits.
Description
Keywords
Sono infantil Hábitos e rotinas de sono Enfermagem Comunitária Dinâmicas familiares Infant sleep Sleep habits Bedtime routines child's beliefs underlying sleep Communitarian Nurse Familiar dynamics