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A elevação da proteção legal da propriedade intelectual ao plano do comércio internacional, via Acordo TRIPS, acentuou o clássico conflito entre a inovação e o acesso, em especial no campo farmacêutico e médico. Foi provocada uma revolução na transferência informal de tecnologia e no licenciamento obrigatório. O Direito da OMC, norteado pelo princípio da proteção exclusivamente aduaneira, tradicionalmente legitima barreiras ao comércio, contra a lógica da OMC, enquanto medidas de proteção da saúde pública. Em contraste, a solução de Doha, convertida em Emenda ao Acordo TRIPS sob o Artigo 31bis, foi a resposta ao protecionismo consagrado pelo próprio Direito da OMC. Sobre o Artigo 31bis do Acordo TRIPS, centro da controvérsia, subjaz um significativo ceticismo. Assinala-se o seu uso apenas uma única vez. A saúde pública, aliada ao comércio, é cada vez mais global. O Direito da OMC, enquanto encoraja a inovação médica a nível global, abriga uma valiosa rota de acesso a medicamentos e outras tecnologias médicas que não pode ser abandonada pelo teatro internacional.
The elevation of the legal protection of intellectual property to the realm of international trade, via the TRIPS Agreement, accentuated the classic conflict between innovation and access, especially in the pharmaceutical and medical areas. A revolution was triggered in the informal transfer of technology and compulsory licensing. The WTO Law, guided by the principle of general elimination of quantitative restrictions, traditionally legitimizes barriers to trade, against the logic of the WTO, as measures to protect public health. In contrast, the Doha solution, converted into an Amendment to the TRIPS Agreement under Article 31bis, was the response to the protectionism treasured in the WTO Law itself. There is a significant skepticism about Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, which is at the heart of the controversy. Its use is noted only once. Public Health, combined with trade, is increasingly performed on a global scale. The WTO Law, while encourages global medical innovation, houses a valuable route of access to medicines and other medical technologies that cannot be abandoned by the international community.
The elevation of the legal protection of intellectual property to the realm of international trade, via the TRIPS Agreement, accentuated the classic conflict between innovation and access, especially in the pharmaceutical and medical areas. A revolution was triggered in the informal transfer of technology and compulsory licensing. The WTO Law, guided by the principle of general elimination of quantitative restrictions, traditionally legitimizes barriers to trade, against the logic of the WTO, as measures to protect public health. In contrast, the Doha solution, converted into an Amendment to the TRIPS Agreement under Article 31bis, was the response to the protectionism treasured in the WTO Law itself. There is a significant skepticism about Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, which is at the heart of the controversy. Its use is noted only once. Public Health, combined with trade, is increasingly performed on a global scale. The WTO Law, while encourages global medical innovation, houses a valuable route of access to medicines and other medical technologies that cannot be abandoned by the international community.
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Keywords
Direito da organização mundial do comércio Acordo ADPIC Propriedade intelectual Patentes Licenciamento obrigatório Declaração de Doha sobre o acordo TRIPS e a saúde pública Decisão de implementação do parágrafo 6 da declaração de Doha sobre o acordo TRIPS e a saúde pública Waiver Emenda ao acordo TRIPS Artigo 31bis Acesso a medicamentos e tecnologias médicas Direito humano à saúde World trade organization law TRIPS agreement Intellectual property Patents Compulsory licensing Doha declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health Decision on the implementation of paragraph 6 of the Doha declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health TRIPS amendment Article 31bis Access to medicines and medical technologies Human right to health