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O controlo executivo e a sua modulação sobre mecanismos atencionais permitenos detetar e adaptar a informação conflituosa. Recentemente, dado o elevado número de
estudos a sugerir um papel menos limitado da informação percecionada
inconscientemente, os investigadores têm-se debatido sobre a possibilidade de deteção e
adaptação a conflito evocada inconscientemente. Atualmente, contudo, a literatura ainda
não chegou a um consenso relativamente a tal possibilidade. Com particular relevância,
um estudo por Wu e colegas (2015), substituiu a técnica de supressão mais usual – masked
priming – por uma técnica de supressão interocular, resultando numa total ausência de
impacto por informação suprimida. Através de uma típica Flanker Task, e usando a
Chromatic Flicker Fusion (CFF) como técnica de supressão, uma técnica mais adequada
para processos relacionados com controlo executivo, avaliámos o conflito evocado por
distratores invisíveis (e visíveis, i.e., sem recurso a CFF). Adicionalmente,
proporcionando blocos com diferentes rácios de ensaios congruentes para incongruentes,
atendemos a possíveis efeitos de adaptação. A análise aos resultados revelou, na condição
visível, os expectáveis padrões de conflito e efeitos de adaptação. No entanto, o mesmo
não foi encontrado na condição com distratores suprimidos, onde os distratores não
evidenciaram um padrão de conflito sobre o desempenho. Apesar de terem sido
observados alguns efeitos sobre a condição com distratores suprimidos, estes foram
interpretados como possivelmente refletindo um processamento low-level (i.e.,
processamento mais básico). Em suma, os resultados deste estudo foram similares aos
encontrados por Wu e colegas (2015), suportando teorias mais antigas relativamente às
limitações inerentes a informação percecionada inconscientemente.
Executive control and its modulation over attentional mechanisms allow us to detect and adapt to conflicting information. Recently, given the number of studies suggesting a less limited role of unconsciously perceived information, researchers have been debating whether conflict detection and adaptation are possible in the absence of awareness. So far, the literature is not consensual regarding such possibility. With particular relevance, a study by Wu and colleagues (2015), replaced the more usual suppression technique – masked priming – with an interocular suppression technique, with the results showing a total absence of any impact by suppressed information. Through a typical Flanker Task, and using Chromatic Flicker Fusion as a suppression technique, a more adequate technique for processes associated with executive control, we assessed conflict derived from masked flankers (and visible flankers, i.e., with no CFF suppression). In addition, by providing blocks with different proportions of congruent to incongruent trials, we accounted for possible adaptation effects. Our results showed that, in the visible condition, the expected conflict pattern and adaptation effects were observed, but the same was not found in the masked condition, where flankers did not manage to evoke a clear conflict pattern in performance. Although some effects were seen in this latter condition, they were interpreted as possibly resulting from a low-level processing (i.e., a more basic processing). Hence, the overall results are similar to those found in Wu and colleagues’ (2015) study, helping to support earlier theories regarding the inherent limitations of unconsciously perceived information.
Executive control and its modulation over attentional mechanisms allow us to detect and adapt to conflicting information. Recently, given the number of studies suggesting a less limited role of unconsciously perceived information, researchers have been debating whether conflict detection and adaptation are possible in the absence of awareness. So far, the literature is not consensual regarding such possibility. With particular relevance, a study by Wu and colleagues (2015), replaced the more usual suppression technique – masked priming – with an interocular suppression technique, with the results showing a total absence of any impact by suppressed information. Through a typical Flanker Task, and using Chromatic Flicker Fusion as a suppression technique, a more adequate technique for processes associated with executive control, we assessed conflict derived from masked flankers (and visible flankers, i.e., with no CFF suppression). In addition, by providing blocks with different proportions of congruent to incongruent trials, we accounted for possible adaptation effects. Our results showed that, in the visible condition, the expected conflict pattern and adaptation effects were observed, but the same was not found in the masked condition, where flankers did not manage to evoke a clear conflict pattern in performance. Although some effects were seen in this latter condition, they were interpreted as possibly resulting from a low-level processing (i.e., a more basic processing). Hence, the overall results are similar to those found in Wu and colleagues’ (2015) study, helping to support earlier theories regarding the inherent limitations of unconsciously perceived information.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Controlo executivo Atenção Conflito Adaptação ao conflito Chromatic flicker fusion Executive control Attention Conflict Conflict adaptation