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Abstract(s)
O Futebol é, inequivocamente, o desporto mais popular do mundo. No entanto, é
um desporto que envolve com frequência uma elevada exposição a cabeceamentos da
bola, com potencial risco de concussão cerebral. Pelo facto de constituir o único desporto
no qual, intencionalmente, se cabeceia a bola, os jogadores estão sujeitos a inúmeros
impactos cerebrais ao longo da carreira, o que poderá implicar alterações a curto e a longo
prazo, tanto na estrutura cerebral, como na função cognitiva. Neste contexto, a presente
revisão de literatura tem como objetivo identificar estudos sobre alterações estruturais
e/ou cognitivas associadas ao cabeceamento no futebol. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa de
artigos (1980 – novembro 2020) em bases de dados internacionais ((ScienceDirect®,
Pubmed®, Web of Science®, SciELO®, LILACS®), utilizando palavras-chave
relacionadas com cabeceamento, concussão cerebral e alterações cognitivas em jogadores
de futebol. Dos 11 estudos selecionados, existem evidências de associação entre
cabeceamento e alteração estrutural cerebral. No que concerne à função cognitiva,
existem estudos que sugerem que os impactos do cabeceamento poderão ser causa de
défices, enquanto outros não confirmaram a presença de alterações. Embora na atualidade
a comunidade científica atribua importância clínica ao impacto do cabeceamento da bola,
são necessárias mais investigações, em particular estudos longitudinais que permitam
clarificar os efeitos cognitivos a curto e a longo do prazo nos jogadores de futebol.
Football is unmistakably the most popular sport in the world. However, it is also a sport that often involves a high exposure to heading the ball, with a potential risk of cerebral concussion. Because it is the only sport in which the ball is intentionally headed, players are subject to numerous impacts on the head throughout their careers, which may lead to changes in the short and long term in both structure and cognitive function. In this context, the present literary review aims to identify studies on structural and/or cognitive changes associated with heading in football. A search of articles (1980 – November 2020) was carried out through international databases. (Science Direct®, Pubmed®, Web of Science®, Scielo®, Lilacs®, using keywords related to heading, cerebral concussion and cognitive changes in football players. Of the 11 studies selected, there is evidence of an association between the act of heading and structural changes to the brain. With regard to cognitive function, there are studies that suggest that the impact of heading the ball continuously may be the cause of certain deficits, while others have not confirmed the presence of changes. Although currently the scientific community attaches clinical importance to the impact of heading the ball, more research is needed, in particular, longitudinal studies to clarify the cognitive effects in the short and long term in football players.
Football is unmistakably the most popular sport in the world. However, it is also a sport that often involves a high exposure to heading the ball, with a potential risk of cerebral concussion. Because it is the only sport in which the ball is intentionally headed, players are subject to numerous impacts on the head throughout their careers, which may lead to changes in the short and long term in both structure and cognitive function. In this context, the present literary review aims to identify studies on structural and/or cognitive changes associated with heading in football. A search of articles (1980 – November 2020) was carried out through international databases. (Science Direct®, Pubmed®, Web of Science®, Scielo®, Lilacs®, using keywords related to heading, cerebral concussion and cognitive changes in football players. Of the 11 studies selected, there is evidence of an association between the act of heading and structural changes to the brain. With regard to cognitive function, there are studies that suggest that the impact of heading the ball continuously may be the cause of certain deficits, while others have not confirmed the presence of changes. Although currently the scientific community attaches clinical importance to the impact of heading the ball, more research is needed, in particular, longitudinal studies to clarify the cognitive effects in the short and long term in football players.
Description
Keywords
Cabeceamento Concussão cerebral Alterações cognitivas Avaliação neuropsicológica Jogadores de futebol Concussion Concussive impact Heading Impact Brain injury Cognitive impairment Neuropsychological testing Soccer