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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O aumento da população idosa nos países desenvolvidos é hoje uma realidade e tema
de debate e preocupação, confrontando-nos com um cenário de envelhecimento
demográfico a par de um aumento do número de idosos a viverem sozinhos em idade
avançada. Com toda a vulnerabilidade que o processo de envelhecimento acarreta, em
muitas situações já não é mais seguro viver sozinho. Partilhando destas preocupações,
o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral explicar o processo de viver sozinho depois
dos 80 envelhecendo e identificar as estratégias utilizadas pelas pessoas para a
concretização do seu projeto de saúde, por forma a planear intervenções de
enfermagem que as ajudem a viver com mais saúde, mais qualidade de vida e maior
autonomia, durante mais tempo.
Foi realizado um estudo assente no paradigma qualitativo, utilizando especificamente
a abordagem designada por Grounded Theory. Fomos assim ao encontro de 30 pessoas
com mais de 80 anos a viverem sozinhas em sua casa, utilizando como principal
estratégia de colheita de dados a entrevista semi-dirigida. Foi também aplicado um
formulário de colheita de dados para caracterização sociodemográfica, que incluiu
alguns instrumentos de avaliação para melhor caracterizar a amostra. Procedemos à
análise dos dados colhidos através do método das comparações constantes.
Verificou-se que o processo de viver sozinho depois dos 80 envelhecendo, é modulado
por condições contextuais deste “arranjo familiar” e por condições influenciadoras
traduzidas em cinco áreas principais: as características pessoais e a autonomia, o
suporte familiar, o estado de saúde, a situação financeira e a espiritualidade. Por sua
vez as condições contextuais serão determinantes das estratégias adotadas,
conducentes à manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida pelo maior tempo possível,
permitindo manterem-se a viver sós nas suas casas. Emergiram da análise indutiva dos
dados três atitudes diferentes face à vida depois dos 80: os Independentes, os
Resignados e os Amargurados, tendo em consideração as possibilidades de perfis de
saúde: os vulneráveis e os resilientes, com implicações específicas para a enfermagem.
O conhecimento dos enfermeiros acerca deste processo facilitará uma prática de
enfermagem adequada e específica de acordo com as diferentes atitudes face à vida
daqueles que envelhecem sozinhos na comunidade depois dos 80.
The increase of the elderly population in developed countries is now a reality and a topic of debate and concern, confronting us with a scenario of demographic aging along with an increase in the number of elderly people living alone in old age. With all the vulnerability that the aging process entails, in many situations it is no longer safe to live alone. Sharing these concerns, the goal of this study was to explain the process of living alone over the age of 80 and to identify the strategies used by people to achieve their health project, in order to plan nursing interventions that helps them live with more health, more quality of life and greater autonomy, for longer. The study was based on the qualitative paradigm, specifically using the approach called Grounded Theory. We were thus to meet 30 people over 80 years old living alone in their home, using the semi-directed interview as the main data collection strategy. A data collection form was also applied for sociodemographic characterization, which included some evaluation tools to better characterize the sample. We proceeded to the analysis of the collected data through the method of constant comparisons. It was verified that the process of living alone over the age of 80 is modulated by contextual conditions of this “living arrangement” and by influencing conditions translated into five main areas: personal characteristics and autonomy, family support, health status, financial situation and spirituality. In turn, the contextual conditions will be determinant of the adopted strategies, conducive to the maintenance of health and quality of life for the longest possible time, allowing them to remain living alone in their houses. Three different attitudes to life of those who live alone over the age of 80 emerged from the inductive analysis of the data: the Independent, the Resigned and the Bitter, taking into account the possibilities of health profiles: the vulnerable and the resilient, with specific implications for nursing. Nurses' knowledge about this process will facilitate an adequate and specific nursing practice according to the different attitudes towards life of those who grow old in the community over the age of 80.
The increase of the elderly population in developed countries is now a reality and a topic of debate and concern, confronting us with a scenario of demographic aging along with an increase in the number of elderly people living alone in old age. With all the vulnerability that the aging process entails, in many situations it is no longer safe to live alone. Sharing these concerns, the goal of this study was to explain the process of living alone over the age of 80 and to identify the strategies used by people to achieve their health project, in order to plan nursing interventions that helps them live with more health, more quality of life and greater autonomy, for longer. The study was based on the qualitative paradigm, specifically using the approach called Grounded Theory. We were thus to meet 30 people over 80 years old living alone in their home, using the semi-directed interview as the main data collection strategy. A data collection form was also applied for sociodemographic characterization, which included some evaluation tools to better characterize the sample. We proceeded to the analysis of the collected data through the method of constant comparisons. It was verified that the process of living alone over the age of 80 is modulated by contextual conditions of this “living arrangement” and by influencing conditions translated into five main areas: personal characteristics and autonomy, family support, health status, financial situation and spirituality. In turn, the contextual conditions will be determinant of the adopted strategies, conducive to the maintenance of health and quality of life for the longest possible time, allowing them to remain living alone in their houses. Three different attitudes to life of those who live alone over the age of 80 emerged from the inductive analysis of the data: the Independent, the Resigned and the Bitter, taking into account the possibilities of health profiles: the vulnerable and the resilient, with specific implications for nursing. Nurses' knowledge about this process will facilitate an adequate and specific nursing practice according to the different attitudes towards life of those who grow old in the community over the age of 80.
Description
Keywords
Envelhecimento Viver sozinho Saúde Autonomia Cuidados de enfermagem Aging Living alone Health Autonomy Nursing care