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Abstract(s)
Introdução A Reserva Cognitiva (RC) tenta explicar a variabilidade no desempenho
cognitivo de indivíduos com graus semelhantes de lesão cerebral. A variabilidade
individual da RC é modulada pela interação das capacidades inatas e das exposições ao
longo da vida, que podem atuar como fatores protetores contra os efeitos clínicos da
neuropatologia. Indivíduos com maior RC parecem apresentar um melhor desempenho
cognitivo após uma lesão cerebral. A presente revisão teve como objetivo identificar e
mapear a evidência científica disponível na literatura sobre a influência da RC na
proteção do estado cognitivo após uma Lesão Cerebral Adquirida (LCA).
Metodologia Realizou-se uma revisão scoping da literatura que seguiu a metodologia
preconizada pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa de literatura por
estudos publicados e não-publicados até outubro de 2020 em revistas científicas com
revisão por pares, nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e CINAHL.
Resultados Foram selecionados e analisados vinte e um estudos publicados entre 2003
e 2020. A análise de literatura apresentada permitiu constatar que a RC tem um efeito
positivo sobre o estado cognitivo pós-LCA. Foram utilizados vários indicadores para
avaliar a RC, incluindo o QI pré-mórbido estimado, a escolaridade, a ocupação
profissional, o estatuto socioeconómico, a participação em atividades de lazer, o
bilinguismo e a integração social. Os indicadores da RC constituem um conjunto de
variáveis que podem ter influência significativa no estado cognitivo. Maiores níveis de RC
foram associados a menores défices após a LCA.
Conclusões Apesar de ser necessária mais investigação para uma melhor compreensão
do impacto da RC na cognição, pode-se concluir que a RC tem influência na proteção do
estado cognitivo após uma LCA. Estes resultados suportam o papel da RC no estado
cognitivo pós-LCA, e podem fornecer informação importante para o prognóstico destes
pacientes, bem como ajudar a desenvolver planos de reabilitação mais adequados.
Background Cognitive Reserve (CR) hypothesis was introduced to account for the variability in cognitive performance of patients with similar degrees of brain injury or pathology. The individual variability of CR is modulated by the interaction of innate capacities and exposures throughout life, which can act as protectors against neuropathology's clinical effects. Individuals with higher CR appear to have a better cognitive performance after a brain injury. The present review aimed to identify and map the scientific evidence available in the literature regarding CR's influence in the protection of the cognitive status after an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A literature search was performed for published and unpublished studies until October 2020 in scientific journals with peer review in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Results Twenty-one studies published between 2003 and 2020 were selected and analyzed. The literature analysis showed that CR has a positive effect on cognitive status after an ABI. Various proxies were used to assess CR, including estimated pre-morbid IQ, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, leisure activities, bilingualism and social integration. CR proxies constitute a set of variables that may have a significant influence on cognitive status. Higher CR levels were associated with lower cognitive impairment after an ABI. Conclusions Although more research is needed for a complete understanding of CR's impact on cognition, the synthesis of these studies confirmed that there is evidence on the beneficial impact of CR on cognitive status after an ABI. These findings support CR's role in cognitive status following an ABI and may provide additional information for prognosis and rehabilitation plans.
Background Cognitive Reserve (CR) hypothesis was introduced to account for the variability in cognitive performance of patients with similar degrees of brain injury or pathology. The individual variability of CR is modulated by the interaction of innate capacities and exposures throughout life, which can act as protectors against neuropathology's clinical effects. Individuals with higher CR appear to have a better cognitive performance after a brain injury. The present review aimed to identify and map the scientific evidence available in the literature regarding CR's influence in the protection of the cognitive status after an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A literature search was performed for published and unpublished studies until October 2020 in scientific journals with peer review in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. Results Twenty-one studies published between 2003 and 2020 were selected and analyzed. The literature analysis showed that CR has a positive effect on cognitive status after an ABI. Various proxies were used to assess CR, including estimated pre-morbid IQ, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, leisure activities, bilingualism and social integration. CR proxies constitute a set of variables that may have a significant influence on cognitive status. Higher CR levels were associated with lower cognitive impairment after an ABI. Conclusions Although more research is needed for a complete understanding of CR's impact on cognition, the synthesis of these studies confirmed that there is evidence on the beneficial impact of CR on cognitive status after an ABI. These findings support CR's role in cognitive status following an ABI and may provide additional information for prognosis and rehabilitation plans.
Description
Keywords
Lesão cerebral adquirida Reserva cognitiva Cognição Estado cognitivo Acquired brain injury Cognitive reserve Cognition Cognitive function