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- Spirituality in nursing: an overview of research methodsPublication . Martins, Helga; Romeiro, Joana; Caldeira, SílviaSpirituality has been widely considered important for patients’ health and for healthcare practice and is related to connectedness, meaning in life, and transcendence. Research concerning spirituality is growing rapidly, and the implementation of spiritual care should be based on evidence. This literature review aims to describe the methods that have been used in nursing research focusing on spirituality. The electronic search on databases through EBSCOhost identified 2091 citations, and a total of 231 studies were included. The methods used in research on spirituality in nursing are mostly quantitative (52.4%), but some are qualitative (42.8%) and mixed (4.8%). Regarding the quantitative research, most studies are observational (90.9%), and these are mainly descriptive (82.7%) and correlational (17.3%). Most studies used a cross-sectional design (98.7%), and few used longitudinal design (1.3%). The qualitative research is descriptive (39.4%), phenomenological (26.3%), and grounded theory (14.1%). Research on spirituality in nursing is based on both main paradigms (quantitative and qualitative), but also on mixed methods. Studies have mainly been conducted using cross-sectional designs when compared to longitudinal designs. The latter seem to constitute a gap in nursing knowledge and evidence regarding the changes of spirituality over time, which is particularly important for nurses’ delivery of spiritual care.
- PO04 – Metasynthesis approach in paediatric nursing literature: a scoping reviewPublication . Romeiro, Joana; Caldeira, SílviaIntroduction: Metasynthesis is defined as the synthesis of qualitative research. Despite the growing interest in this approach in adult nursing literature, it is not clear how it has been used in paediatric nursing literature. Aims: To characterize the scientific production using metasynthesis in paediatric nursing literature. Methods: A scoping review was conducted across eight international databases and three Portuguese nursing web journals. Results: A total of 25 papers were included. First was published in 1998, most frequents phenomena were parenting and experiences of parents in several health contexts. Metasynthesis (n=10) and meta-meta-ethnography (n=8) were most frequent. Noblit and Hare (1988) framework was most cited and sample ranged from 3 to 47 original studies. Discussion: Metasynthesis research is providing evidence to nursing practice mostly in neonatal and intensive care regarding parenting. Conclusions: Metasynthesis is being use in paediatric nursing, but in specific contexts and phenomena. Other qualitative research should be analyzed toward metasynthesis.
- Nursing teaching strategies used to promote collaboration and teamwork: an integrative literature reviewPublication . Romeiro, Joana; Figueiredo, Amélia SimõesObjective To identify in nursing literature published between 2010-2014 the teaching strategies capable of promoting collaboration and teamwork. Methods This integrative literature review allowed the selection of empirical studies in nursing literature published between January 2010 and December 2014. The review was taken in April 2015, using the EBSCOhost platform to search in databases such as CINAHL® Plus with Full Text, Nursing & Allied Health Collection, Cochrane Collection, MedicLatina and MEDLINE with Full Text, Academic Search, and Education Research Complete. Results Findings revealed 18 empirical studies. Academic approaches based on high and low-fidelity simulations, “role play”, work group, reflective discussions and clinical stages were the strategies employed. Conclusions The present study emphasizes the need to develop instruments that can be used in the evaluation of the competence to collaborate and work as a team in students in the first years of nursing studies.
- Diagnósticos de enfermagem angústia espiritual e resiliência comprometida em pessoas em tratamento de fertilidade : estudo de validação clínicaPublication . Romeiro, Joana Marques; Berenguer, Sílvia Maria Alves CaldeiraIntrodução: As respostas humanas perante a condição de infertilidade fazem destacar a angústia espiritual e acometer a capacidade de ser resiliente dos indivíduos. A este respeito, a NANDA-I integra, na sua maioria, diagnósticos com baixo nível de evidência e requer validação clínica, em particular, em populações específicas, como a de pessoas com esta condição de saúde. Esta tese de doutoramento, surge de um aprimoramento diagnóstico necessário a uma intervenção de enfermagem efetivamente integrativa, holística e centrada na singularidade dos portugueses que enfrentam esta condição e seu tratamento. Objetivo: Realizar a validação clínica dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I, de “Angústia Espiritual (00066)” e “Resiliência Comprometida (00210)” em pessoas em tratamento de fertilidade. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, quantitativo, observacional, transversal, e de validação clínica dos diagnósticos de enfermagem mencionados, com base no Modelo Rasch. A recolha de dados teve lugar entre setembro de 2019 e junho de 2020 numa amostra de 104 adultos portugueses em tratamento de fertilidade ou na iminência do tratamento, por meio de um questionário online disponibilizado em sítios afetos à fertilidade. Tratou-se de uma amostragem não probabilística e de conveniência. Foram garantidos e salvaguardados os princípios éticos e apresentado um formulário de consentimento informado. Resultados: Foram validadas 22 características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem “Angústia Espiritual (00066)”, apresentando uma prevalência de 23.6% nesta amostra. O “Sofrimento percebido” foi a característica definidora mais sensível (94.1%). A “Raiva relativa a Poder maior do que o próprio” (87.3%) e “Sensação de não ser amado” (87.3%) foram as mais específicas. A “Resiliência Comprometida (00210)” apresentou uma prevalência de 15.4% na amostra, tendo sido validadas sete características definidoras. O “Aumento renovado da angústia” (93.8%) e “Baixa autoestima” (93.8%) foram as características mais sensíveis e o “Isolamento social” foi a mais específica (71.6%). Conclusões: Este estudo contribui para o aumento do nível de evidência dos diagnósticos NANDA-I estudados. Propõem-se procedimentos metodológicos semelhantes noutros estudos que ajudariam a comprovar a robustez científica destes resultados, em amostras maiores e heterogéneas que permitam a generalização, e/ou estudos longitudinais capazes de observar as alterações ocorridas em diferentes fases do tratamento de fertilidade.
- Spiritual aspects of living with infertility: a synthesis of qualitative studiesPublication . Romeiro, Joana; Caldeira, Sílvia; Brady, Vivienne; Timmins, Fiona; Hall, JennyAims and objectives: To identify the spiritual aspects of patients experiencing infertility and seek a deeper and broader meaning of the involuntary childlessness experience. Background: Infertility can be the cause for a spiritual crisis among some couples. Those who endure this involuntary childlessness condition frequently experience contradictory feelings and needs. In this context, core aspects of spirituality such as meaning and purpose in life are often questioned. Design: A review and synthesis of qualitative empirical research was undertaken to seek a deeper understanding of the spiritual aspects of patients’ experiences of infertility. Methods: An aggregative synthesis was conducted according to Saini and Shlonsky (Systematic synthesis of qualitative research, 2012, Oxford University Press, Oxford), using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 26 studies included female, male and couples. Settings revealed interviewees in different infertility phases such as diagnosis, assisted reproductive technologies and following fertility treatments. Two main themes emerged: spiritual needs and spirituality as a coping resource for infertility. Conclusion: Infertility affects the holistic existence of the couples. This adversity awakens spiritual needs along with unmet needs of parenthood. Coping strategies incorporating spirituality can enhance the ability of couples to overcome childlessness and suffering. Relevance to clinical practice: Infertile couples’ experiences of infertility may offer an opportunity for spiritual care particularly related to the assessment of spiritual needs and the promotion of spiritual coping strategies. Effective holistic care should support couples in overcoming and finding meaning in this life and health condition.
- Review and characterization of Portuguese theses, dissertations, and papers about spirituality in healthPublication . Romeiro, Joana; Martins, Helga; Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, SílviaResearch about spirituality has grown widely in the past decades and the interest in health care is also evident in Portugal. This literature review aims to identify and to characterize Portuguese theses, dissertations, and papers about spirituality in health, and to provide a systematic overview of the knowledge concerning this subject. The search was conducted in February 2017 and updated in January 2018. Four independent reviewers screened and analyzed all citations, and a total of 76 results were included. Publications started in 2002 and include master degree dissertations (n = 37), scientific papers (n = 31), and PhD theses (n = 8). Papers were published in 24 national and international journals. Most papers were psychology- and nursing-related and had a quantitative design (n = 55). Samples were mostly composed of patients living with a chronic disease (n = 20) or elderly (n = 11). The Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ) was the most used tool. A multidisciplinary approach is regarded as foundational in implementing spirituality in the provision of health care and the results underline the interest on this topic from other disciplines rather than nursing. Further studies must provide a deeper understanding of spirituality in children, adolescents or families’ perspective bringing new insights to advanced health practice.
- Uma visão geral dos estudos longitudinais na investigação em enfermagem: revisão da literaturaPublication . Martins, Helga; Miguel, Susana; Romeiro, Joana; Santos, Ana Rita; Caldeira, Sílvia