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- Romantic relationships and nonsuicidal self-injury among college students: the mediating role of emotion regulationPublication . Silva, Eliana; Machado, Bárbara César; Moreira, Célia S.; Ramalho, Sofia; Gonçalves, SóniaNonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an increasing health problem among college students. Research about risk factors behind the development of this behavior has been limited. This study aims to test whether emotion regulation mediates the connection between romantic relationships and NSSI. Participants were 566 college students (72.8% female) between 18 and 35 years old. Eighty participants (14.1%) reported having injured themselves. Emotion regulation fully mediated the associations between NSSI and four important subdomains of romantic relationships, namely, avoidance of intimacy, anxiety over abandonment, violence victimization, and violence perpetration. We specified a model that evidences the mediating role of the emotion regulation between romantic relationships (romantic attachment and intimate partner violence) and NSSI. This study makes a unique contribution by assessing the pathway through which romantic relationship functioning impact NSSI.
- Reviewing working memory training gains in healthy older adults: a meta-analytic review of transfer for cognitive outcomesPublication . Teixeira-Santos, Ana C.; Moreira, Célia S.; Magalhães, Rosana; Magalhães, Carina; Pereira, Diana R.; Leite, Jorge; Carvalho, Sandra; Sampaio, AdrianaThe objective of this meta-analytic review was to systematically assess the effects of working memory training on healthy older adults. We identified 552 entries, of which 27 experiments met our inclusion criteria. The final database included 1130 participants. Near- and far-transfer effects were analysed with measures of short-term memory, working memory, and reasoning. Small significant and long-lasting transfer gains were observed in working memory tasks. Effects on reasoning was very small and only marginally significant. The effects of working memory training on both near and far transfer in older adults were moderated by the type of training tasks; the adopted outcome measures; the training duration; and the total number of training hours. In this review, we provide an updated review of the literature in the field by carrying out a robust multi-level metaanalysis focused exclusively on working memory training in healthy older adults. Recommendations for future research are suggested.
- The role of the perception of family environment in relation to body dissatisfaction, disordered eating and difficulties in close relationshipsPublication . Gonçalves, Sónia; Moreira, Célia; Gonçalves, Mónica; Vieira, Ana Isabel; Machado, Bárbara CésarPurpose Invalidating childhood environments have been characterised as those in which caregivers do not validate a child’s personal experiences and the communication of emotions is considered inappropriate, being either ignored or punished. The current study assessed the relationships among invalidating childhood environments, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating and difficulties in close relationships in a sample of college students. Methods In this study, 362 non-clinical participants with ages ranging from 17 to 25 years (M = 20.02, SD = 1.51) completed self-report measures. Results Difficulties in close relationships, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating were significantly higher in invalidating families than in validating families. Invalidating childhood environments were associated with higher body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, and both associations were mediated by difficulties in close relationships. Finally, body dissatisfaction mediates the effects of BMI and difficulties in close relationships on eating disorder symptoms. Conclusions Perceived experiences of invalidation in childhood may be associated with eating disorder symptomatology. In addition, difficulties in close relationships during adulthood possibly contribute to the emergence of eating disorder symptoms. Level of Evidence Level V, descriptive study.