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- Update on the role of antiseptics in the management of chronic wounds with critical colonisation and/or biofilmPublication . Alves, Paulo J.; Barreto, Ruben T.; Barrois, Brigitte M.; Gryson, Luc G.; Meaume, Sylvie; Monstrey, Stan J.Biofilms play a major role in delaying chronic wounds from healing. A wound infiltrated with biofilm, or “critically colonised” wound, may become clinically infected if the number of microbes exceeds a critical level. Chronic wound biofilms represent a significant treatment challenge by demonstrating recalcitrance towards antimicrobial agents. However, a “window of opportunity” may exist after wound debridement when biofilms are more susceptible to topical antiseptics. Here, we discuss the role of antiseptics in the management of chronic wounds and biofilm, focusing on povidone-iodine (PVP-I) in comparison with two commonly used antiseptics: polyhexanide (PHMB) and silver. This article is based on the literature reviewed during a focus group meeting on antiseptics in wound care and biofilm management, and on a PubMed search conducted in March 2020. Compared with PHMB and silver, PVP-I has a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity, potent antibiofilm efficacy, no acquired bacterial resistance or cross-resistance, low cytotoxicity, good tolerability, and an ability to promote wound healing. PVP-I represents a viable therapeutic option in wound care and biofilm management, with the potential to treat biofilm-infiltrated, critically colonised wounds. We propose a practical algorithm to guide the management of chronic, non-healing wounds due to critical colonisation or biofilm, using PVP-I.
- Retrieving, classifying and analysing narrative commentary in unstructured (glossy) annual reports published as PDF filesPublication . El-Haj, Mahmoud; Alves, Paulo; Rayson, Paul; Walker, Martin; Young, StevenWe provide a methodological contribution by developing, describing and evaluating a method for automatically retrieving and analysing text from digital PDF annual report files published by firms listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). The retrieval method retains information on document structure, enabling clear delineation between narrative and financial statement components of reports, and between individual sections within the narratives component. Retrieval accuracy exceeds 95% for manual validations using a random sample of 586 reports. Large-sample statistical validations using a comprehensive sample of reports published by non-financial LSE firms confirm that report length, narrative tone and (to a lesser degree) readability vary predictably with economic and regulatory factors. We demonstrate how the method is adaptable to non-English language documents and different regulatory regimes using a case study of Portuguese reports. We use the procedure to construct new research resources including corpora for commonly occurring annual report sections and a dataset of text properties for over 26,000 U.K. annual reports.
- Pé diabéticoPublication . Afonso, Carlos; Carvalho, P.; Xavier, A.; Dias, Vanessa; Alves, Paulo
- Credit conditions and corporate investment in EuropePublication . Maurin, Laurent; Nicola, Carlo de; Valla, Natacha; Wolski, Marcin; Pinto, João; Alves, Paulo
- Multilingual financial narrative processing: analysing annual reports in English, Spanish and PortuguesePublication . El-Haj, Mahmoud; Rayson, Paul; Alves, Paulo; Herrero-Zorita, Carlos; Young, StevenThis chapter describes and evaluates the use of information extraction (IE) and natural language processing (NLP) methods for extraction and analysis of financial annual reports in three languages: English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The work described retains information on document structure which is needed to enable a clear distinction between narrative and financial statement components of annual reports and between individual sections within the narratives component. Extraction accuracy varies between languages with English exceeding 95%. We apply the extraction methods on a comprehensive sample of annual reports published by UK, Spanish, and Portuguese non-financial firms between 2003 and 2014.
- Replacing the judges? using aI to measure annual report qualityPublication . Young, Steven; Munro, Jacqui; Alves, Paulo
- The impact of IAS 39 on the risk-relevance of earnings volatility: Evidence from foreign banks cross-listed in the USAPublication . Duh, Rong-Ruey; Hsu, Audrey Wen-Hsin; Alves, Paulo Alexandre PimentaWe examine the impact of adopting International Accounting Standard 39 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (IAS 39) by non-US commercial banks cross-listed in the US on earnings volatility and its risk relevance. As IAS 39 requires the recognition of unrealized fair-value gains and losses for a larger set of financial and derivative- financial instruments, and the impairment charges for loans and receivables, we expect and find that IAS 39 adoption increased earnings volatility in IFRS-adopting firms from 2005 onwards. Furthermore, both hedge accounting and the fair value option under IAS 39 are designed to reduce mixed-measurement volatility and to improve the sensitivity of firm risk measures to earnings volatility. We also find that the relationship between credit ratings (proxy for risk) and earnings volatility increases for IFRS-adopting firms after 2005. The evidence is consistent with the argument that IAS 39 increases the credit relevance of earnings volatility.
- Prevention of pressure injury in the operating room: Heels operating room pressure injury trialPublication . Dresch Eberhardt, Thaís; Lima, Suzinara Beatriz Soares De; Soares, Rhea Silvia de Avila; Silveira, Lidiana Batista Teixeira Dutra; Pozzebon, Bruna Rossarola; Reis, Cassia Ribeiro; Paulino Santos, Karla Priscilla; Alves, Paulo Jorge PereiraThe objective was to evaluate the efficacy of multi-layered silicone foam (intervention) compared with transparent polyurethane film (control) in preventing heel pressure injuries caused by surgical positioning of individuals undergoing elective surgery. It was designed an intra-patient, open, parallel, randomised controlled trial was conducted in a university hospital in southern Brazil, from March 2019 to February 2020, with patients undergoing elective surgeries of cardiac and gastrointestinal specialties. The patients who met the selection criteria constituted, simultaneously, a single group receiving the intervention and active control, through paired analysis of the cutaneous sites (right heel and left heel). The outcome was the occurrence of PI, within the follow-up period was 72 hours. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5GKNG5. There was analysis of 135 patients/270 heels, with an overall incidence of 36.7%. The pressure injury incidence was significantly lower in the intervention group (26.7%), compared with the control group (P = .001); relative risk of 0.57. In the intervention group, the estimated pressure injury-free time (survival) was 57.5 hours and in the control group, 43.9 hours. It was concluded that Multi-layered silicone foam (intervention) is more efficacious than transparent polyurethane film (control) in the prevention of pressure injuries caused by surgical positioning of individuals undergoing elective surgery.
- O referencial contabilístico das empresas do Ministério da Saúde integradas no SNSPublication . Neves, João Carvalho das; Viana, Luís; Alves, Paulo