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- Non-invasive monitoring of stress response of urban trees inoculated with EcMPublication . Serafim, Cindy; Ramos, Miguel; Yilmaz, Tugce; Sousa, Nadine; Castro, Paula M. L.
- Selection and acclimatization of strains of edible mycorrhizal fungi for improved field persistencePublication . Ramos, Miguel; Sousa, Nadine; Castro, Paula M. L.
- Teste de susceptibilidade ao nemátode da madeira do pinheiro (bursaphelenchus xylophilus) - optimização para utilização em larga escalaPublication . Lima, Marta R. M.; Ramos, Miguel; Sampedro, Luis; Moreira, Xoaquín; Zas, Rafael; Marta W. VasconcelosA doença da murchidão do pinheiro é uma doença grave que afecta florestas de coníferas com uma elevada taxa de mortalidade, sendo causada pelo nemátode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Dado que este organismo foi recentemente introduzido na Europa, é importante determinar o grau de susceptibilidade de espécies florestais autóctones ao nemátode. Neste trabalho optimizou-se um teste de susceptibilidade para utilização num grande número de amostras. O teste baseia-se na capacidade de nemátodes virulentos atravessarem secções de 5 cm de ramos jovens, com cerca de 2 cm de diâmetro. O processo de optimização passou pela forja de recipientes de dimensões adequadas, criação de um modo de sustentar os ramos em posição vertical, optimização do volume de água onde a base do ramo fica mergulhada e criação de um modo de evitar a desidratação do topo do ramo após inoculação. O crescimento dos nemátodes em laboratório também passou por um scale-up para obtenção de nemátodes em grande quantidade, passando do crescimento em tubos de ensaio para sacos. O teste foi optimizado usando ramos de Pinus pinaster, mas pode ser adaptado a outras espécies.
- Teste de susceptibilidade ao nemátode da madeira do pinheiro (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) – Optimização para utilização em larga escalaPublication . Lima, Marta R. M.; Ramos, Miguel; Sampedro, Luís; Moreira, Xoaquín; Zas, Rafael; Vasconcelos, Marta W.
- Soil organic matter rather than ectomycorrhizal diversity is related to urban tree healthPublication . Geel, Maarten Van; Yu, Kang; Peeters, Gerrit; van Acker, Kasper; Ramos, Miguel; Serafim, Cindy; Kastendeuch, Pierre; Najjar, Georges; Ameglio, Thierry; Ngao, Jérôme; Saudreau, Marc; Castro, Paula; Somers, Ben; Honnay, OlivierUrban trees provide many ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, air quality improvement, storm water attenuation and energy conservation, to people living in cities. Provisioning of ecosystem services by urban trees, however, may be jeopardized by the typically poor quality of the soils in urban areas. Given their well-known multifunctional role in forest ecosystems, ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcM) may also contribute to urban tree health and thus ecosystem service provisioning. Yet, no studies so far have directly related in situ EcM community composition to urban tree health indicators. Here, two previously collected datasets were combined: i) tree health data of 175 Tilia tomentosa trees from three European cities (Leuven, Strasbourg and Porto) estimated using a range of reflectance, chlorophyll fluorescence and physical leaf indicators, and ii) ectomycorrhizal diversity of these trees as characterized by next-generation sequencing. Tree health indicators were related to soil characteristics and EcM diversity using canonical redundancy analysis. Soil organic matter significantly explained variation in tree health indicators whereas no significant relation between mycorrhizal diversity variables and the tree health indicators was found. We conclude that mainly soil organic matter, through promoting soil aggregate formation and porosity, and thus indirectly tree water availability, positively affects the health of trees in urban areas. Our results suggest that urban planners should not overlook the importance of soil quality and its water holding capacity for the health of urban trees and potentially also for the ecosystem services they deliver. Further research should also study other soil microbiota which may independently, or in interaction with ectomycorrhiza, mediate tree performance in urban settings.
- Performance of Quercus suber L. at nursery stage - application of two bio-inoculants under two distinct environmentsPublication . Araújo, Giovânia C.; Sousa, Nadine; Ramos, Miguel; Vega, Alberto L.; Castro, Paula M. L.Key message - Despite the fact that the technique of application of bioinoculants improved the quality of Quercus suber L. seedlings produced in nurseries, these benefits are dependent on the ecological conditions of the site and the composition of the applied inoculum, which interferes with the profile of the local fungal community. Context - Quercus suber L. plays a key ecological and socio-economical role in the Iberian Peninsula. Symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi-ECM are crucial partners of several tree species, and assessing the efficacy of bioinoculants at nursery stage helps devising tools to increase plant resilience. Aims - The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two inocula formulations of mixed ECM fungi and bacteria on the quality of seedlings produced in two forest nurseries, differing in environmental conditions and forest embedment. Methods - Quercus suber L. seedlings were inoculated with a commercial product containing Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers) Coker Couch - Scleroderma sp., and six bacterial species and with a non-commercial fungal and bacterial dual inoculum (Suillus granulatus (L.) Roussel + Mesorhizobium sp.). Biometric and nutritional parameters and morphological quality indexes were determined on seedlings. The ECMcommunity was assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning-sequencing. Results - In both nurseries, the seedling quality index in inoculated was up to 2-fold higher than in non-inoculated seedlings. Plant biomass differed significantly among nurseries. The inoculum influenced the profile of the fungal community. S. granulatus and P. tinctorius persisted for 6 months in the inoculated seedlings. Conclusion- The nursery ecosystem influenced plant growth. Inoculation treatments increased plant performance; however, the dual inoculum resulted in more consistent improvements of Q. suber at nursery stage, highlighting the importance of inocula selection.
- Degradation of 3-fluorophenol and Sodium Trifluoroacetate by Ectomycorrhizal fungiPublication . Franco, Albina R.; Ramos, Miguel; Sousa, Nadine R.; Silva, Débora S.; Oliveira, Rui S.; Castro, Paula M. L.
- Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)Publication . Zas, Rafael; Moreira, Xoaquín; Ramos, Miguel; Lima, Marta R. M.; Silva, Marta Nunes da; Solla, Alejandro; Vasconcelos, Marta; Sampedro, LuisKey message Migration ability of the PWN through wood branch tissues of adult Maritime pine trees significantly differed among Iberian provenances and this variation was related to differences in anatomical and chemical defensive traits. Abstract The pinewood nematode or pine wilt nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is one of the most dangerous threats to European coniferous forests, especially for the susceptible Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), a valuable forest resource in South Western Europe. The PWN is vectored by beetles of the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and once inoculated in healthy branches, it quickly migrates downward to the main trunk through the resin canal system. Therefore, the anatomy of the resin canal system may modulate its migration and proliferation rates. Using material from nine Maritime pine Iberian provenances established in a common garden trial, we investigated whether these provenances differed in their (1) resin canal anatomy, (2) concentration of chemical defences (non-volatile resin and total polyphenolics) in stems and (3) ability of the PWN to migrate through the pine woody tissues in ‘in vitro’ bioassays. Whether variation in anatomical and chemical defensive traits relates to differences in PWN migration across populations was also investigated. Significant intraspecific variation in anatomical and chemical defensive traits and in nematode migration rates through pine tissues was observed. Moreover, the variation in nematode migration rate among pine provenances was related to differences in both anatomical and chemical features. Overall, this study highlights the role of plant genetics in the development of defensive traits against this harmful coniferous pest. The observed intraspecific variation should be taken into account when considering breeding as a strategy to provide areas of high risk of PWN with resistant genetic material.
- The role of microbial inoculants on plant growth promotion. Endophytes: from Discovery to ApplicationPublication . Pereira, Sofia; Franco, A. R.; Marques, Ana; Moreira, Helena; Sousa, N. R.; Ramos, Miguel; Castro, Paula M. L.
- Potential of persistent ectomycorrhizal fungi in fire impacted soil to degrade fluorinated pollutantsPublication . Franco, Albina; Sousa, Nadine R.; Ramos, Miguel; Oliveira, Rui S.; Castro, P. M. L.