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- The right to a second chance: lessons learned from the experience of early school leavers who returned to educationPublication . Martins, Filipe; Carneiro, Alexandra; Campos, Luísa; Ribeiro, Luisa Mota; Negrão, Mariana; Baptista, Isabel; Matos, RaquelBased on a holistic perspective of education that articulates school pedagogy and social pedagogy, the main goal of this paper is to identify effective ways to ensure the right to education to vulnerable and marginalised young people who have dropped out of school. The research leading to this paper was part of a European research project which investigated how young people’s responses to conflict can provide opportunities for positive social engagement. This specific study explored early school leaving and school re-engage-ment from the point of view of a group of 20 Portuguese young early school leavers who later returned to school through Second Chance Education. Through a qualitative approach using individual in-depth interviews, participant observation and focus group, the study sought to offer a comprehensive reading of early school leaving and school re-engagement by address-ing the diversity of motivations, experiences, factors and consequences associated with them, as well as the role that educational policies and school factors can play in it. The study’s findings revealed that, for many socially and economically vulnerable youngsters, mainstream schools are places of individual failure and interpersonal conflict where they don’t feel wel-comed and from which they stop expecting positive outcomes. This favours a progressive disengagement from education that reinforces social marginalisation. However, the findings also showed that by engaging in second chance education projects, youngsters develop greater commitment to education and identify relevant positive changes in terms of personal and skills’ development, behavioural adjustment and establishment of life goals. According to the participants’ experiences, the holistic and individualised socio-pedagogical approach of such projects is particularly apt to respond to their needs. Community-based educational approaches, practical and participatory learning environments, and the emotional investment and support from teachers and staff are shown to be the most effective socio-educational features when trying to re-engage vulnerable young people in education.
- Young gender activists: PortugalPublication . Matos, Raquel; Carneiro, Alexandra; Martins, Filipe; Campos, Luísa; Ribeiro, Luisa; Negrão, Mariana
- Disentangling motivation within instrumental music learning: a systematic reviewPublication . Oliveira, António; Ribeiro, Fabiana Silva; Ribeiro, Luísa Mota; McPherson, Gary; Oliveira-Silva, PatríciaMotivation is a crucial aspect of learning, particularly in the field of music. For decades, motivation for learning music has been a much-discussed subject, and yet its influence still remains a convoluted issue. This study systematically analyses peer-reviewed English language studies, according to PRISMA guidelines, in order to understand how children’s and adolescents’ motivation to learn a musical instrument has been studied, the theories that have been adopted to frame this research, the types of quantitative instruments that have been designed or adopted within the research designs, and the types of findings that have documented. A search on Web of Science, Education Resources Information Center, and Scopus was conducted, using the following terms: music, instrument, learn, education, study, and motivation. The initial search identified 447 studies. Twenty of these met the inclusion criteria for investigating any music-related aspect of motivation that was based on the analysis of quantitative data. Results show a limited number of studies that have explored children’s motivation in the context of learning a musical instrument and report a special focus on the central role of parents and social background. Implications of these results for music education and the adequacy of questionnaires to children are discussed.
- Learning and studying in residential care homes: development of instruments for needs assessmentPublication . Ribeiro, Luisa; Carvalho, Gisela; Marina, Carla
- Early maternal spatial support for toddlers and math skills in second gradePublication . Ribeiro, Luisa A.; Casey, Beth; Dearing, Eric; Nordahl, Kristin Berg; Aguiar, Cecília; Zachrisson, HenrikThe aim of this study is to investigate whether maternal spatial support during two types of joint manipulative toy play tasks with 2-year-old children was longitudinally associated with math screening test scores in second grade. The interaction between spatial support and maternal education was explored as well. We also investigated predictions of a teacher rating of math performance at second grade, although these effects were less robust. Data were drawn from BONDS (The Behavior Outlook Norwegian Developmental Study), a longitudinal study of Norwegian children and their families. Participants were a subsample of 932 mothers and their 2-year-olds. Mothers were asked to help their children solve both a puzzle task and a shape-color sorting task. Mothers’ spatial support included spatial language, gestures, and placement of objects. Results showed that higher levels of spatial support during mother-child interaction tasks at 2 years of age was significantly associated with fewer math difficulties in second grade. This was the case for a puzzle task (a task associated with spatial visualization skills), but not for a shape-color sorting task (a task associated with shape and color feature discriminations). Conclusions are drawn with respect to the importance of identifying optimal parental spatial strategies associated with better math outcomes. These findings on parental facilitation of spatial skills during joint early play may be useful for future training interventions directed at parents of children at risk for poor math skills.
- Young people with paths of psychosocial risk and deviant behavior: PortugalPublication . Matos, Raquel; Martins, Filipe; Carneiro, Alexandra; Campos, Luísa; Ribeiro, Luisa; Negrão, Mariana
- Parenting quality from observational ratings at age 2: validation from Norwegian and US SamplesPublication . Nordahl, Kristin Berg; Owen, Margaret Tresch; Ribeiro, Luisa Antunes; Zachrisson, Henrik DaaeThis study investigated the construct validity of a proposed measure of parenting quality derived from extensively used observational ratings of parenting in mother-child interaction procedures with 2-yearolds in two large samples. Data included global ratings of mother-child interaction in an unstructured free-play and a semi-structured teaching task from the Behavior Outlook Norwegian Developmental Study (N = 1157) and from the Three Boxes procedure used in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1364). Confirmatory Factor Analyses, including ratings of mothers’ sensitivity, detachment, intrusiveness, cognitive stimulation, positive regard and negative regard, revealed a similarly structured latent parenting construct across samples and observational procedures, supporting the structural and content validity, and the generalizability of the measure. In the Norwegian sample, better predictive validity to child outcomes at age 4 was found from the semi-structured teaching task than from the less structured free-play task. Comparable predictive validity to child outcomes was found for the U.S. sample’s latent parenting quality construct. The results hold implications for the careful selection and study of observational procedures for measuring parenting quality in early childhood.
- Too early for early education? Effects on parenting for mothers and fathersPublication . Zachrisson, Henrik D.; Owen, Margaret T.; Kristin B., Nordahl; Ribeiro, Luísa; Eric, DearingObjective: To estimate the effect of children's age of entry into early childhood education and care (ECEC) on parenting quality of mothers and fathers in a context of universal access to subsidized ECEC following a 1 year paid parental leave. Background: Children entering non-parental care settings in early childhood may have negative consequences for parenting quality. Yet, current evidence supporting this claim is predominantly from the United States, is focused almost exclusively on mothers, and is predominantly based on statistical approaches that are vulnerable to unobserved selection bias. Method: Data are from a Norwegian longitudinal study, including ratings of observed mother–child (n = 901) and father–child (n = 621) interactions, and children's age of entry into ECEC. Multivariate regression models and instrumental variable models were used to estimate the causal effect of age of entry on parenting quality. Results: There was no support for the hypothesis that an earlier age of entry into ECEC negatively affects parenting quality, for either fathers or mothers. This was true for the sample as a whole, and for different sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusion: In a Norwegian context in which families have universal access to subsidized ECEC from the time their child is 1 year of age, and most children enter ECEC in their second year, there is no evidence that an earlier age of entry in ECEC harms parenting quality.