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- The effect on the GHG emissions of MSW management practices based on EU legislation targets: a municipal case studyPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Silva, Margarida; Costa, Carlos
- LCA as a tool or philosophy for Integrated Waste Management: opportunities in PortugalPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Costa, Carlos
- The effect on the GHG emissions of MSW management practices based on EU legislation targetsPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Silva, Margarida; Costa, Carlos
- Evaluation of MSW management practices in Portugal using Life Cycle AssessmentPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Silva, Margarida; Costa, Carlos
- Life cycle assessment of three different management options for spent alkaline batteriesPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Costa, CarlosThe potential environmental impact of Landfilling, Incineration and Recycling of spent household alkaline batteries collected in continental Portugal was compared using LCA methodology and the Recipe Impact Assessment method. Major contributors and improvement opportunities for each system were identified and scenarios for 2012 and 2016 legislation targets were evaluated. For 13 out of the 18 impact categories, the Recycling system is the worst alternative, Incineration is the worst option for 4 and Landfill is the worst option only for one impact category. However if additionally in each system the recovery of materials and energy is taken into account there is a noticeable advantage of the Recycling system for all the impact categories. The environmental profiles for 2012 and 2016 scenarios (25% and 45% recycling rates, respectively) show the dominance of the Recycling system for most of the impact categories. Based on the results of this study, it is questioned whether there are environmental benefits of recycling abroad the household alkaline batteries collected in continental Portugal and, since the low environmental performance of the Recycling system is particularly due to the international transport of the batteries to the recycling plant, is foreseen that a recycling facility located in Portugal, could bring a positive contribution to the environmental impact of the legislation compliance.
- Energy from waste in Portugal: The state of the artPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Costa, Carlos
- Porto 1990/2000: Evaluation of environmental burdens from MSW management using life cycle assessmentPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Silva, Margarida; Costa, Carlos
- Heavy metals quantification on alkaline batteries incineration emissionsPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Costa, Carlos; Silva, MargaridaHeavy metals emissions associated with municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration is a point of discussion and care due to the known harmful effects of these metals on humans and environment. Batteries are appointed as one of the main contributors for those emissions, particularly for mercury, cadmium, zinc and lead. In this paper, results for heavy metals emissions from alkaline batteries obtained in a laboratorial incinerator are presented. The incineration process took place in a tubular oven where batteries were heated at 1000°C with a constant airflow. Heavy metals on released gas were collected with concentration by absorption on a set of serial bubblers, and, following, quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results obtained estimate the potential contribution of alkaline batteries to heavy metals emissions in a municipal solid waste incinerator.
- Heavy metals quantification on alkaline batteries incineration emissionsPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Costa, Carlos; Silva, Margarida
- A aplicação da análise do ciclo de vida no planeamento da gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanosPublication . Xará, Susana; Almeida, Manuel Fonseca; Costa, Carlos; Silva, Margarida