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- Loudness measurement of multitrack audio content using modifcations of ITU-R BS.1770Publication . Pestana, Pedro Duarte; Reiss, Joshua D.; Barbosa, ÁlvaroThe recent loudness measurement recommendations by the ITU and the EBU have gained widespread recognition in the broadcast community. The material it deals with is usually full-range mastered audio content, and its applicability to multitrack material is not yet clear. In the present work we investigate how well the evaluated perception of single track loudness agrees with the measured value as de ned by ITU-R BS.1770. We analyze the underlying features that may be the cause for this disparity and propose some parameter alterations that might yield better results for multitrack material with minimal modi cation to their rating of broadcast content. The best parameter sets are then evaluated by a panel of experts in terms of how well they produce an equal-loudness multitrack mix, and are shown to be signi cantly more successful.
- The film sound analysis framework: a conceptual tool to interpret the cinematic experiencePublication . Barbosa, Álvaro; Dizon, KristineToday, the importance of sound and music in film is well established and an integral part of professional workflows within the audio-visual production industry. However, Sound and Music Design in film has been explored creatively since the advent of Talkies in the 1920’s. The most well-established practices for the use of sound in film always came from the inspiration of film directors, editors and composers, but in recent years the systematic use of Sound and Music in this media has become increasingly relevant in academic domains, as a subject of study and research. This article proposes a possible direction in addressing challenges presented by this growing academic field, by introducing a process for codifying and systematizing an initial grammar of Sound in Film, entitled the Film Sound Analysis Framework (FSAF). The FSAF is a tool for critical analysis of Sound and Music in Film, that is based on the relationship between Sound Semantics and Syntax from a Taxonomical and Applied perspective. Using the FSAF in longitudinal studies of film, allows for a systematic analysis by the observation of similar variables through the identification and assessment of patterns or trends, when using Sound to convey meaning and foster emotions.
- Cross-adaptive polarity switching strategies for optimization of audio mixesPublication . Pestana, Pedro Duarte; Reiss, Joshua D.; Barbosa, ÁlvaroCrest factor is an often overlooked part of audio production, yet it acts as an important limit to overall loudness. We propose a technique to optimize relative polarities in order to yield the lowest possible peak value. We suggest this is a way of addressing loudness maximization that is more sonically transparent than peak limiting or compression. We also explore additional uses that polarity analysis may have in the context of mixing audio. Results show this is a fairly e ective strategy, with average crest factor reductions of 3 dB, resulting in equivalent values for loudness enhancement. While still not comparable to the amount of reduction peak limiters are typically used for, the approach is seen as more transparent via subjective evaluation, through a multi-stimulus test.
- User preference on artificial reverberation and delay time parametersPublication . Pestana, Pedro D.; Reiss, Joshua D.; Barbosa, ÁlvaroIt is a common belief that settings of artificial reverb and delay time in music production are strongly linked to musical tempo and related factors. But this relationship, if in existence, is not yet understood. We present the results of two subjective tests that evaluate user preference of young adults with formal training in audio engineering on artificial reverb and delay time, while trying to relate choice to tempo and other low-level explaining factors. Results show there is a conclusive relationship between musical tempo and delay time preference as described by users. Reverb time setting preference, however, cannot be explained in such a strong manner. In this latter aspect the present work has nevertheless uncovered some ideas on how to proceed in order to quantify the phenomenon.