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- Salivary biomarkers in psychological stress diagnosisPublication . Batista, Patrícia; Pereira, Anabela; Vaz, Ana BeatrizBackground: Nowadays, the search for biomarkers has attracted attention in medical and psychological sciences. The biomarkers are crucial to prevent diseases, to detect pathologies and to induce quality of life in patients. Recent studies evaluate stress biomarkers and provide information about physiological and psychological organism reactions to stressors. These biomarkers can be assessed via motoring corporal fluids (serum, plasma, urine and salivary fluid) and the proteins most used within stress salivary biomarkers are cortisol, α-amylase, proinflammatory cytokines, and catecholamines. The aim of this paper is to review systematically the scientific literature about the evaluation of salivary biomarkers in psychological stress diagnostic. Main Body: A systematic literature search review of Pubmed, Medline and Scopus database using the terms "salivary biomarkers” AND "psychological stress" AND “diagnostic” showed an increase in the number of studies using salivary biomarkers. It was analyzed all the existing articles (between 1997 and 2015). The inclusion criteria were: salivary biomarkers in diagnosis psychological stress, papers written in English. It was excluded the articles outside the scope of the subject, studies of animal disease models, stress methodologies and laboratory protocols, religious practices and stress; publications in languages other than English, and articles with unavailable information. After applying the methodology, 54 scientific articles were included in the study and analyzed. The review proved that salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase biomarkers are more used to diagnosis stress diseases. Of the 54 articles analyzed: 79% referred to cortisol biomarker as most biomarker used, followed by salivary amylase. These two salivary biomarkers jointly accounted 27% of the articles referred. Conclusions: This literature review is based on the contribution of salivary biomarkers to psychological stress diagnosis, understanding the diseases and their responses to treatment.
- Recent insights in the use of nanocarriers for the oral delivery of bioactive proteins and peptidesPublication . Batista, Patrícia; Castro, Pedro M.; Madureira, Ana Raquel; Sarmento, Bruno; Pintado, ManuelaBioactive proteins and peptides have been used with either prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, presenting inherent advantages as high specificity and biocompatibility. Nanocarriers play an important role in the stabilization of proteins and peptides, offering enhanced buccal permeation and protection while crossing the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, preparation of nanoparticles as oral delivery systems for proteins/peptides may include tailored formulation along with functionalization aiming bioavailability enhancement of carried proteins or peptides. Oral delivery systems, namely buccal delivery systems, represent an interesting alternative route to parenteric delivery systems to carry proteins and peptides, resulting in higher comfort of administration and, therefore, compliance to treatment. This paper outlines an extensive overview of the existing publications on proteins/peptides oral nanocarriers delivery systems, with special focus on buccal route. Manufacturing aspects of most commonly used nanoparticles for oral delivery (e.g. polymeric nanoparticles using synthetic or natural polymers and lipid nanoparticles) advantages and limitations and potential applications of nanoparticles as proteins/peptides delivery systems will also be thoroughly addressed.
- Da biotecnologia à psicologia: protocolo neuropsicofisiológico para avaliar filmes orais com cafeínaPublication . Batista, Patrícia; Fernandes, Eugénia; Ribeiro, Fabiana; Moreno, Ana; Oliveira-Silva, Patrícia; Pintado, ManuelaIntrodução: Os filmes orais são novos dispositivos de administração oral utilizados para entrega de drogas/fármacos que capturaram o interesse da indústria farmacêutica e de alimentos nos últimos anos. Estes filmes têm alcançado muita popularidade devido às várias vantagens, tais como, a conveniência da administração (dosagem, transporte, textura, a não utilização de água para a administração, etc.) e à sua disponibilidade em vários tamanhos e formatos quando comparados às formulações orais convencionais. Apesar da investigação existente, de estudos de caracterização, estudos in vitro e alguns estudos farmacocinético, pouco se conhece sobre o efeito psicofisiológico destes filmes. Neste sentido, foi objecto de estudo o desenvolvimento de um protocolo para avaliação neuropsicofisiológica. Métodos: Após uma revisão da literatura de 298 publicações científicas, apenas 6 obdeceram aos critérios de inclusão no estudo. Resultados: A análise aprofundada da literatura permitiu conhecer a escassez de estudos nesta área e possibilitou o delinear de um protocolo, baseado na avaliação de medidas psicofisiológicas, com vantagens inerentes (oportunidade de realizar uma avaliação mais direta, objetiva e não invasiva; não se restringe apenas ao autorrelato e apresenta resultados precisos em tempo real). Discussão: Deste modo, pretende-se colmatar a lacuna existente nesta área – falta de avaliação neuropsicofisiológicas – potenciando eficácia de utilização destes filmes.
- Proteins derived from the dairy losses and by-products as raw materials for non-food applicationsPublication . Costa, Catarina; Azoia, Nuno G.; Coelho, Lorena; Freixo, Ricardo; Batista, Patrícia; Pintado, ManuelaThe disposal of a high volume of waste-containing proteins is becoming increasingly challenging in a society that is aware of what is happening in the environment. The dairy industry generates several by-products that contain vast amounts of compounds, including proteins that are of industrial importance and for which new uses are being sought. This article provides a comprehensive review of the potential of the valorisation of proteins that can be recovered by chemical and/or physical processes from protein-containing milk by-products or milk surplus, particularly whey proteins or caseins. Whey proteins and casein characteristics, and applications in non-food industries, with special emphasis on the textile industry, packaging and biomedical, are reported in this review, in order to provide knowledge and raise awareness of the sustainability of these proteins to potentiate new opportunities in a circular economy context.
- Development and characterization of chitosan microparticles-in-films for buccal delivery of bioactive peptidesPublication . Batista, Patrícia; Castro, Pedro; Madureira, Ana Raquel; Sarmento, Bruno; Pintado, ManuelaNowadays, bioactive peptides are used for therapeutic applications and the selection of a carrier to deliver them is very important to increase the efficiency, absorption, release, bioavailability and consumer acceptance. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize chitosan-based films loaded with chitosan microparticles containing a bioactive peptide (sequence: KGYGGVSLPEW) with antihypertensive properties. Films were prepared by the solvent casting method, while the microparticles were prepared by ionic gelation. The final optimized chitosan microparticles exhibited a mean diameter of 2.5 m, a polydispersity index of 0.46, a zeta potential of +61 mV and a peptide association efficiency of 76%. Chitosan films were optimized achieving the final formulation of 0.79% (w/v) of chitosan, 6.74% (w/v) of sorbitol and 0.82% (w/v) of citric acid. These thin ( 0.100 mm) and transparent films demonstrated good performance in terms of mechanical and biological properties. The oral films developed were flexible, elastic, easy to handle and exhibited rapid disintegration (30 s) and an erosion behavior of 20% when they came into contact with saliva solution. The cell viability (75–99%) was proved by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with TR146 cells. The chitosan mucoadhesive films loaded with peptide–chitosan microparticles resulted in an innovative approach to perform administration across the buccal mucosa, because these films present a larger surface area, leading to the rapid disintegration and release of the antihypertensive peptide under controlled conditions in the buccal cavity, thus promoting bioavailability.
- Ansiedade: a realidade face à vacina contra a covid 19Publication . Batista, Patrícia
- In vitro gastrointestinal digestion impact on the bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity of bioactive compounds from tomato flours obtained after conventional and ohmic heating extractionPublication . Coelho, Marta C.; Ribeiro, Tânia B.; Oliveira, Carla; Batista, Patrícia; Castro, Pedro; Monforte, Ana Rita; Rodrigues, António Sebastião; Teixeira, José; Pintado, ManuelaIn times of pandemic and when sustainability is in vogue, the use of byproducts, such as fiber-rich tomato byproducts, can be an asset. There are still no studies on the impact of extraction methodologies and the gastrointestinal tract action on bioactive properties. Thus, this study used a solid fraction obtained after the conventional method (SFCONV) and a solid fraction after the ohmic method (SFOH) to analyze the effect of the gastrointestinal tract on bioactive compounds (BC) and bioactivities. Results showed that the SFOH presents higher total fiber than SFCONV samples, 62.47 ± 1.24–59.06 ± 0.67 g/100 g DW, respectively. Both flours present high amounts of resistant protein, representing between 11 and 16% of insoluble dietary fiber. Furthermore, concerning the total and bound phenolic compounds, the related antioxidant activity measured by 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay presented significantly higher values for SFCONV than SFOH samples (p < 0.05). The main phenolic compounds identified in the two flours were gallic acid, rutin, and p-coumaric acid, and carotenoids were lycopene, phytofluene, and lutein, all known as health promoters. Despite the higher initial values of SFCONV polyphenols and carotenoids, these BCs’ OH flours were more bioaccessible and presented more antioxidant capacity than SFCONV flours, throughout the simulated gastrointestinal tract. These results confirm the potential of ohmic heating to modify the bioaccessibility of tomato BC, enhancing their concentrations and improving their antioxidant capacity.
- Quality of Life Scale and symptomatology of schizophrenic patients: A systematic reviewPublication . Pinho, L.M.G. de; Pereira, A.M.S.; Chaves, C.M.C.B.; Batista, PatríciaBackground: The Quality of Life Scale (QLS) was developed to assess the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia, by Heinrichs, Hanlon and Carpenter, in 1984. Objectives: This systematic review analysed the scientific evidence produced from the QLS results and its relationship with the symptomatology of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on Pubmed/Medline and Scopus to identify relevant papers published within the last ten years (January 2007 to December 2016). The inclusion criteria were: studies whose samples included only outpatients with schizophrenia; studies whose aim was to compare the QLS results with the symptomatology of schizophrenia; studies written in English. The PRISMA criteria for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used. Results: Twelve studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 1645 patients with schizophrenia from four different countries were analysed. Ten articles used a cross-sectional study methodology and 2 articles involved a longitudinal study. Conclusions: Synthesis suggests that quality of life/functioning in patients with schizophrenia can be influenced by negative symptoms. Nevertheless, in relation to positive and depressive symptoms, the results are not congruent nor consistent. Therefore, this literature review indicated that more research is needed in order to obtain better evidence with regards to the influence of that symptomatology on the quality of life/functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
- Innovation of textiles through natural by-products and wastesPublication . Coelho, Lorena; Magalhães, Ana Isabel; Fernandes, Sara; Batista, Patrícia; Pintado, Maria Manuela; Faria, Pedro; Costa, Catarina; Moura, Bruna; Marinho, Augusta; Maria, Rosa; Reis, Albertina; Carvalho, Marta; Marques, Mário; Teles, Ângela; Morgado, José de Almeida; Vilaça, Maria Helena; Pereira, Jéssica Alexandra; Magalhães, Pedro José; Silva, Ana Sofia; Silva, Ricardo Jorge; Silva, Mário Jorge; Sá, Vera Lúcia; Ventura, Sandra Gabriela; Abreu, João Silva; Gaião, Joaquim Manuel; Mourão, Raquel Rosa; Merino, Fernando Manuel; Gonçalves, Mónica Sofia; Malgueiro, ReginaNowadays, the competitiveness of the textile industry and the consumers’ interest have been increasing the demand for innovative and functional textiles. Allied to this, sustainable developments are playing an increasingly important role in the textile industry. Such concerns led to a new development strategy based on the valorization of bio-based wastes and by-products of different industries, inserting this in the circular economy paradigm. These bio-based wastes and by-products come from several industries, as the agri-food industry. These resources present an enormous potential for valorization in the textile finish due to their intrinsic properties (antimicrobial, prebiotic, antioxidant activity, among others). This chapter will review the latest innovation and textile product development through different by-products and wastes, their main properties and characteristics and the advantages that they offer to the textile industry.
- Film-nanoparticle composite for enhanced oral delivery of alpha-casozepinePublication . Castro, Pedro M.; Baptista, Patricia; Zuccheri, Giampaolo; Madureira, Ana Raquel; Sarmento, Bruno; Pintado, Manuela E.Whey-derived alpha-casozepine bioactive peptide (YLGYLEQLLR) was associated with previously optimized guar-gum film-PLGA nanoparticles, aiming to increase both stability across gastrointestinal tract and permeability across absorptive epithelia. Oral films associated with nanoparticles (FNp) enhance buccal absorption along with protection of carried bioactive molecules that are swallowed, with inherent increase of bioavailability. None of developed formulations induced significant loss of cell viability. Permeability across both buccal and intestinal cell barriers was enhanced when alpha-casozepine was carried by FNp system, when compared with film and nanoparticles alone, in a simulated gastrointestinal tract environment. Moreover, differences in permeability profile across buccal and intestinal epithelia were in accordance with the slower erosion of PLGA nanoparticles in a media of neutral pH, resembling oral cavity conditions, and a faster erosion in acidic conditions, as occurs in stomach, as observed by a continuous analysis of nanoparticle morphology over 980 min by atomic force microscopy. Additionally, apparent permeability of alpha-casozepine across TR146 human buccal carcinoma cells and Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture, carried by FNp was indeed superior when compared with peptide loaded in PLGA nanoparticles and in films alone or with free peptide control solution. Both FNp and PLGA nanoparticles alone enhanced the permeability of relaxing peptide compared with guar-gum films alone. An increased tongue adhesion when PLGA nanoparticles were added to the guar-gum films was also observed. Developed formulations improved both buccal an intestinal absorption of carried bioactive molecules without compromising cell viability.