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- Prevalence and determinants of oral microflora among Portuguese adolescentsPublication . Pereira, Carlos; Veiga, Nelio Jorge; Resende, Carlos; Amaral, Maria Odete Pereira; Pereira, JoanaIntroduction: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of salivary Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and the associated risk of development of dental pathologies on a sample of Portuguese adolescents. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was designed including a inal sample of 447 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old, attending a public school in Sátão, Portugal. A self-administered questionnaire was illed out by the adolescents. Clinical examination of oral health status was carried out and saliva collection was accomplished by the passive drool method. The identiication of the different types of bacterial strains was accomplished using the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique. Results: The prevalence of S. mutans in the studied sample was 99.5% Lactobacillus, 80.8% S. mutans and 15.2% A. actinomycetemcomitans. The presence of S. mutans was associated with gender (male = 76.1% vs female = 83.6%; P = .04) and dental pain in the presence of severe dental caries (77.3% vs 87.8%; P = .006). The infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with age (< 15 years = 12.3% vs ≥ 15 years = 20.3%; P = .03) and residence area (rural = 18.2% vs urban = 11.0%; P = .04), and may be related with a higher risk of periodontal disease development in adulthood. Conclusions: A. actinomycetemcomitans infection was found to be associated with socio-demographic variables, suggesting that, if not clinically well identiied and treated, may cause serious oral diseases during adulthood. It has been described that the oral microlora is one of the main etiological factors for dental caries and periodontal diseases development, but cannot be considered in an isolated manner.
- Comportamentos de saúde oral em adolescentes portuguesesPublication . Pereira, Carlos; Veiga, Nélio; Amaral, Odete; Pereira, JoanaIntrodução: A frequência da escovagem, a utilização do fio dentário e a consulta regular ao médico dentista são importantes determinantes de saúde oral. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os comportamentos de saúde oral numa amostra de adolescentes portugueses, mais especificamente a prevalência de escovagem, a utilização de fio dentário e as consultas regulares ao médico dentista, e estabelecer a associação destes comportamentos com aspetos sociodemográficos. Participantes e métodos: Realizámos um estudo transversal onde avaliámos os alunos de 26 escolas públicas do terceiro ciclo e secundário do distrito de Viseu. Em cada escola avaliámos todos os adolescentes do 7.° ao 12.° ano de escolaridade. A recolha de dados foi efetuada através de um questionário autoaplicado e respondido pelos adolescentes em sala de aula, contendo questões referentes a comportamentos de saúde oral e estatuto socioeconómico. Dos 8768 distribuídos, recolhemos 7644 (87,2%). Foram excluídos da análise os questionários sem informação para o sexo e para a idade, bem como os que correspondiam a idades inferiores a 12 ou superiores a 18 anos. Ficámos com uma amostra final de 7563 adolescentes (4117 do sexo feminino). Resultados: A prevalência de escovagem (2 ou mais vezes por dia) é de 23,5%, mais frequente no sexo feminino (25,5 vs. 21,2%, p < 0,01). A frequência da escovagem (2 vezes ou mais por dia) encontra-se associada às habilitações literárias dos pais (< 4 anos = 18,2%, 4-12 anos = 23,2% e > 12 anos = 44,2%, p < 0,01) e à área de residência (urbano = 36,9%, rural = 16,7%, p < 0,01). A utilização diária do fio dentário é referida por 4,4% dos adolescentes, mais frequente no sexo feminino (4,6 vs. 4,1%, p < 0,05). 37,1% dos adolescentes referem nunca terem utilizado o fio dentário, 40,5% referem utilizá-lo às vezes e 18,1% desconhecem o fio dentário. 86,7% dos adolescentes referem ter consultado um médico dentista, uma ou mais vezes durante a vida e 55,0% referem que o fizeram nos últimos 12 meses. As razões mais frequentes para a ida à consulta nos últimos meses foram: consulta de rotina (49,8%), odontalgias (27,8%) e tratamentos dentários (21,6%). Conclusão: O presente estudo permitiu concluir que os comportamentos de saúde oral dos adolescentes estão associados a fatores demográficos e socioeconómicos. Os hábitos de higiene oral são mais frequentes no sexo feminino. Uma elevada proporção de adolescentes não realiza consultas de rotina e vai ao médico apenas quando tem odontalgias. Programas comunitários devem ser considerados por forma a melhorar os conhecimentos e os comportamentos relacionados com a saúde oral dos adolescentes.
- Living conditions and helicobacter pylori in adultsPublication . Amaral, Odete; Fernandes, Isabel; Veiga, Nélio; Pereira, Carlos; Chaves, Cláudia; Nelas, Paula; Silva, DanielIntroduction. Infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is transmissible and is considered a public health issue which affects people of all ages. The objective of this study was to identify factors (lifestyles, dietary factors, and hygiene conditions) related to the prevalence of H. pylori infection. Methods. We carried out an observational cross-sectional study with a community sample of adults from the municipalities of Viseu and Sátão, Portugal. The final sample resulted in 166 adults. The data were collected through a self-Administered questionnaire with questions regarding sociodemographic aspects and lifestyles. H. pylori infection was identified using the 13C-urea breath test. Results. No association was found between the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or coffee or dietary factors. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in adults who reported higher consumption of fried food and lower consumption of vegetables and fruit. H. pylori infection was significant for the variables of lower frequency of handwashing before going to the bathroom (p=0.02) and well water consumption (p=0.05). Conclusion. A significant association was found for H. pylori infection with the lower frequency of handwashing before going to the bathroom and the consumption of well water.
- Validation of the Portuguese Rome III Questionnaire for Diagnosis of Functional Dyspepsia in adultsPublication . Amaral, Maria Odete Pereira; Veiga, Nélio; Pereira, Carlos; Coelho, Inês; Pereira, JoanaIntroduction: The validation tools are essential in epidemiological research, especially for the consensus case definition and comparison of results. Currently, the instrument most commonly used to identify functional dyspepsia is the Rome III questionnaire, which is not validated for the Portuguese population. Objectives: To validate the Rome III questionnaire for the assessment of functional dyspepsia in Portuguese adults. Methods: The questionnaire was translated following the recommendations of Rome III. A total of 166 adults completed the questionnaire. The identification of the category of functional dyspepsia among adults was based on the presence of one or more symptoms from the total of 4 symptoms that the scale allows to assess from a total of 6 items. The internal consistency, reproducibility and contents analysis were evaluated using the program SPSS 23.0. Results: Alpha Cronbach coefficient from the total of 18 items measured was 0.89. For functional dyspepsia category (assessed by 6 items) was 0.76 and the alpha Cronbach’s based on standardized items was 0.85. Conclusions: We validated, for Portugal, the Rome III questionnaire for the diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders, particularly for functional dyspepsia among adults. These results suggest that this tool will be useful for research in the Portuguese population.
- Prevalence and determinants of dental caries in a sample of schoolchildren of Sátão, PortugalPublication . Veiga, Nélio; Pereira, Carlos; Amaral, OdeteObjectives: The aim of this study consisted in the assessment of the prevalence of dental caries, dmft and DMFT index among schoolchildren and analysis of the association between oral health behaviors and socio-demographic aspects. Methods: In a cross-sectional study we assessed 605 children aged between 6 and 12 years from 27 public schools of Sátão, Portugal. Dental caries was assessed by performing an intraoral observation. Data concerning children's oral health behaviors and socio-demographic variables were collected through a questionnaire filled out by their parents. Prevalences were expressed in proportions. The continuous variables were described using the mean and standard deviation. The Chi-square test was used to compare proportions and the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing continuous variables. Results: We verified that the dmft index was 3.01 ± 3.03 and DMFT index was 0.93 ± 1.35. The prevalence of dental caries is associated with age (≤8 years, 37.1% vs 40.0%, p = 0.008), parents' educational level (0-4 years, 4-9 years, >9 years, 41.2% vs 43.7% vs 13.8%, p = 0.001) and residence area (rural, 42, 2% vs. 31.2%, p = 0.003). Dental caries is also associated with oral health behaviors such as toothbrushing (twice or more times per day, 31.2% vs 42.2%, p = 0.003), dental flossing (34.5% vs 42.3%, p = 0.036) and frequent dental appointments (34.5% vs 41.2%, p = 0.04). Conclusions: We found a moderate prevalence of dental caries and in early age children there is a high percentage with multiple dental caries. Dental caries is associated with socio-demographic and behavioral aspects.
- Health determinants among a sample of Portuguese childrenPublication . Veiga, Nelio Jorge; Pereira, Carlos; Loureiro, Rosalina; Amaral, Maria Odete Pereira; Coelho, Inês; Pereira, JoanaIntroduction: The current lifestyles suggest risk behaviors that are the basis of a country’s health profile. Objectives: The objective of this study was the assessment of health determinants and its association with socio-demographic variables among a sample of Portuguese children from 3 to 10 years old. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with a total of 1617 children from public schools, from the two main school groups of Tondela and Vouzela, Portugal. The final study sample was built with a total of 1365 children aged between 3 and 10 years old. Data collection was accomplished by the distribution of a self-administered questionnaire to the parents and caregivers of the children. Results: It was found that the older children had a lower adherence to healthy eating habits and a higher prevalence of physical activity. The boys had higher levels of physical activity and higher prevalence of sedentary behaviors, in comparison with girls. The residence area of the children was associated with a higher prevalence of fastfood consumption and sedentary behaviors. Conclusions: It becomes noticeable the need to make an intervention on the most vulnerable social groups to obtain more effective health equality. Health promotion strategies should be seriously considered in communities in order to improve healthy lifestyles among Portuguese children and their families.