Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-09-05"
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- The family in the mirror: generational values and attitudes of the Portuguese regarding the familyPublication . Duque, Eduardo; Vázquez, José F. DuránThis article examines the contemporary Portuguese family through the lens of changes in the transmission of family values, with a particular focus on the religious sphere. Using a quantitative methodology based on a questionnaire survey administered to a nonprobabilistic convenience sample of 3634 respondents in Portugal, this study explores the transformations in family values and the role of religion. The findings show that current values are increasingly oriented toward individualism, emotionality, expressiveness, and empowerment, with religion no longer underpinning these values. The religious decline within the family sphere has paralleled the erosion of traditional, positional, and hierarchical values—even among individuals with religious beliefs in whom the sense of belonging is weakening—favoring individualistic and expressive values related to work, education, and leisure. The analysis reveals significant generational differences in the perception of family, indicating an ongoing process of social transformation that reflects broader structural changes in Portuguese society. Younger generations exhibit a stronger adherence to individualistic values and a weaker attachment to traditional hierarchical patterns. The data suggest a profound reconfiguration of the value foundations of the family, with important implications for family policies and for understanding contemporary family dynamics in the Portuguese context.
- Judging asylum though a gendered lens : the role of the CJEU in shaping gender-sensitive asylum normsPublication . Cruz, Mariana dos Santos; Queiroz, Maria Benedita Menezes de Gusmão Peixoto deThe following dissertation analyzes the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in shaping gender-sensitive asylum norms and policies, within the European Union. The study will dissect recent case law to explain how a gendered perspective can be applied when looking at asylum law, as well as recent legislation to evaluate its application across Member States and the interplay with international legal documents such as the CEDAW and the Istanbul Convention, adopting a qualitative approach. The findings conclude that, despite the crucial role played by the CJEU in advancing the protection of women asylum seekers, the implementation of gender-sensitive norms and interpretations remains inconsistent across Member States, and EU asylum law still lacks on establishing clear gender-sensitive norms. Nonetheless, the CJEU remains as one of the main tools in the work towards a gender-conscious asylum system, through its progressive jurisprudence and analysis of EU regulations through a gendered lens.
- AI-based decision support systems (AIDSS) in armed conflicts : can existing IHL do the job?Publication . Almeida, Bruna Sofia Santos; Tavares, Maria Isabel Cantista de CastroThis thesis explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence Decision Support Systems (AIDSS) in the context of armed conflicts, analysing both their potential and the challenges they pose. We begin by defining AIDSS and analysing their applications in military operations, disclosing both the benefits and risks associated with their use. Subsequently, we consider the adequacy of AIDSS with International Humanitarian Law (IHL), particularly with regard to how these systems align with the fundamental principles of distinction and proportionality, and the obligation of legal review enshrined in Article 36 of Additional Protocol I. Posteriorly, we focus on specific legal challenges of these systems’ application in practice, analysing the role Humans and States both play in this paradigm. Ultimately, we mention what should be done in the way forward.
- No-risk, at-risk, and high-risk middle school and high school students: contributions of the quadripartite model for psychological distress prevention programsPublication . Carvalho, Marina; Branquinho, Cátia; Noronha, Catarina; Rodrigues, Nuno Neto; Gaspar, Tânia; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deHighlights: What are the main findings? The quadripartite model is a useful tool for assessing psychological health in young people, considering psychological symptoms along with well-being. Young people with complete psychological health were distinguished from young people with complete psychological distress by having more socio-emotional skills. What is the implication of the main finding? Prevention programs directed to the promotion of psychological health should consider the promotion of socio-emotional skills along with the modification of psychological symptoms. Public policies involving young people’s health and education would benefit from including both targeted and indicated school and community prevention programs. Background/Objectives: Students’ psychological health problems have been widely studied for a long time. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic and due to the additional challenges related to the need for individual and contextual adjustment, a more comprehensive approach to psychological health and well-being is needed. The main goal of the present study was to identify the individual and contextual factors that could discriminate middle school and high school students based on well-being and psychological symptoms. Methods: In this study, carried out within the scope of the second wave of the study “Psychological Health and Wellbeing | School Observatory”, promoted by the Ministry of Education, 3037 students from different regions and levels of public education in Portugal, 49.5% female, aged between 9 and 18 years, participated by completing a research protocol after informed consent was given. Results: Cluster analysis allowed the identification of four groups based on the scores of well-being and psychological symptoms: complete psychological health, incomplete psychological distress, incomplete psychological health and complete psychological distress. The analysis of discriminant variables additionally showed relevant differences between the two extreme groups: complete psychological health students reported higher socio-emotional skills, whereas complete psychological distress students reported higher stress and anxiety scores and low life satisfaction. Conclusions: The obtained results highlight the need for early identification of psychological distress using effective measures to prevent psychological symptoms and to promote socio-emotional skills in the school context.
- Religião e mass media: da imprensa de Gutenberg à internet de terceira geraçãoPublication . Rodrigues, Luís Miguel Figueiredo
- Apreensão de correio eletrónico e registos de comunicações de natureza semelhante : análise à luz do acórdão do supremo tribunal de justiça n.º 10/2023Publication . Fernandes, Madalena Maria Cachopo Lourenço; Salinas, Henrique João Martins GomesIn a recent ruling, the Supreme Court of Justice declared that, at the investigation stage, it is up to the preliminary judge to order or authorize the apprehension of electronic e-mails or other records of communications of a similar nature, regardless of whether they are open/read or closed/unread, which appear to be of great interest for the discovery of the truth or for evidence, under the terms of article 17 of the Cybercrime Law. However, the question arises as to what the practical consequences of this case law decision are. This dissertation deals with procedural issues inherent in the system for the capture of emails and similar communications, with particular emphasis on the problem of a possible distinction between open or read emails and closed or unread emails, in the light of Supreme Court Ruling n.º 10/2023.
- A valoração da prova pericial no processo penal português : em especial a perícia médico-legalPublication . Nunes, Sara Margarida Ferreira; Salinas, HenriqueThe imperative evolution of scientific and technological conditions available to today´s society not only represents progress in matters of evidence, but also unquestionably brings together two distinct systems of authority: Science and Law. Expert evidence is intended to clarify facts or realities not directly graspable by the judge´s senses, in all their technical and scientific dimension. The issues concerning the practice and procedural management of such evidence, particularly its special probative value in criminal procedures, motivated the following investigation, aiming for a critical and systematic analysis of the main criteria to be considered at the time of the judicial deliberation.