Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-05-01"
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- Social entrepreneurship as a family resemblance concept with distinct ethical viewsPublication . Lancastre, Filipa; Lages, Carmen; Santos, FilipeAlmost 25 years after Dees’ article on the meaning of social entrepreneurship, conceptual controversy persists. Based on a qualitative analysis of 209 definitions of social entrepreneurship and respective academic articles, we argue that the concept follows a family resemblance structure and identify the 12 distinct attributes that comprehensively define it. Membership in social entrepreneurship is not defined by a case possessing a universally accepted set of criterial features but by carrying shared attributes with other cases. The family resemblance structure points to the persistent fallacy of using the same term to label different phenomena and cautions researchers against causal homogeneity assumptions among different conceptual subtypes. Assuming a descriptive stance, we shed light on how distinct ethical positions relate to different definitions of social entrepreneurship. Among the existing conceptual variety, we identify four prominent subtypes and find that ‘market-based’ conceptualizations relate to economism, the ‘social business’ subtype relates to rule utilitarian positions, ‘efficiency-driven’ definitions are associated with hedonistic act utilitarian views, and the ‘transformational impact’ subtype is akin to a eudemonic act utilitarian stance.
- Use of a rhodamine-based chelator in a microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the in-situ copper quantification in natural watersPublication . Aguiar, Juliana I. S.; Ribeiro, Susana O.; Leite, Andreia; Rangel, Maria; Rangel, António O. S. S.; Mesquita, Raquel B. R.This work describes the development of a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for the determination of copper in fresh and marine waters. A functionalized rhodamine-based chelator was synthesized and used as a chromogenic reagent, forming a highly intense pink complex with the analyte. The aim was to create a paper device that offers optimal performance and provides in-situ, rapid and cost-effective analysis in line with World Health Organization guidelines. The influence on the determination of several physical and chemical parameters was evaluated aiming to achieve the best performance. Under optimised conditions, a linear correlation was established in the range of 0.05–0.50 mg L−1 of copper, with a limit of detection of 10 μg L−1. The accuracy of the proposed method was assessed by comparing the results obtained with the developed μPAD and the results obtained with Inductively Coupled Plasma measurements (RE < 10 %). Recovery studies were also performed using different types of water samples with no need for any prior sample pre-treatment: tap, well, river and seawater. The average recovery percentage of 101 % (RSD = 4.3 %) was obtained, a clear indication of no multiplicative matrix interferences.
- Null and overt se constructions in Brazilian Portuguese and the network of se constructionsPublication . Afonso, Susana; Silva, Augusto Soares daMiddle voice (MV) comprises a set of marked constructions associated with situation types (Kemmer 1993. The middle voice. Amsterdam: John Benjamins), in which the middle marker functions as an intransitivizer. MV constructions in Portuguese are se constructions in which the clitic se is typically overt, but in Brazilian Portuguese there is variation between constructions with and without the clitic marker. The overt-null variation is observed in all se construction types and it has been argued by Soares da Silva et al. (2021. Null se constructions in Brazilian and European Portuguese: Morphosyntactic deletion or emergence of new constructions? Cognitive Linguistics 32(1). 159-193) that differences in conceptualization of an event as "energetic"or "absolute"primarily drive the variation. This article focuses on the (re)configuration of the network of se constructions in light of the overt-null alternation. Given that the alternation is systematic for all types of se construction, we propose that both the marked and unmarked constructions are plotted onto the conceptual map of MV constructions. As to the introduction of the null variant in the taxonomy of se constructions, we argue that the overt-null variants are allostructions posited at lower levels of abstraction. We also hypothesize that the middle marker at the top node is underspecified for function, instantiated as an intransitivizer, or lexically defined at the immediate subordinate level.
- Challenge or resist dominant discourses: authenticity as a strategic component of activist public relationsPublication . Müller, NaídeAlthough there is evidence that perceived authenticity has a positive impact on corporate reputation, the implications of authenticity in activist communication for social change have not been addressed. Within a sociocultural theoretical approach this paper provides an ethnographic account of how and why human rights activists enact authenticity and aims to better understand the implications of authenticity in activist communication oriented towards social change. An ethnographic study was carried out during 6 months, with two human rights activist organizations. In addition to participant observation, documents produced by the organizations were also analyzed and twenty-five semi-structured interviews were carried out. The role of authenticity in the public relations activities of this organizations was observed at two main levels: (a) as an intentional strategic choice and, (b) as a challenge or resistance to dominant discourses. Findings place authenticity as a strategic component of activist public relations illustrating the contributions of the field for civic participation dynamics.
- Future policy and research for advance care planning in dementia: consensus recommendations from an international Delphi panel of the European Association for Palliative CarePublication . Nakanishi, Miharu; Pereira, Sandra Martins; Van den Block, Lieve; Parker, Deborah; Harrison-Dening, Karen; Di Giulio, Paola; in der Schmitten, Jürgen; Larkin, Philip J; Mimica, Ninoslav; Sudore, Rebecca L; Holmerová, Iva; Korfage, Ida J; Steen, Jenny T. van derAdvance care planning (ACP) is growing in importance in the global agenda for dementia care. The European Association for Palliative Care Taskforce (EAPC) on ACP in Dementia aimed to provide recommendations for policy initiatives and future research. We conducted a four-round Delphi study with a 33-country panel of 107 experts between September 2021 and June 2022 and approval by the EAPC Board. Consensus was achieved on 11 recommendations concerning advance directives’ regulation, equity of access, and dementia inclusive approaches and conversations to express patients’ values. Identified research gaps included the need for an evidence-based dementia-specific practice model that optimises engagement and communication with people with fluctuating and impaired capacity and their families to support their decision making, while also empowering people to adjust their decisions should their goals or preferences change over time. Policy gaps included a lack of health services frameworks for a dementia-inclusive practice. The results highlight the need for evidence and policy development that support inclusive ACP practice models.