Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022"
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- The European Union’s proposal for the modernization of the energy charter treatyPublication . Vicente, MartaAfter the European Court of Justice seminal decision in Achmea, where consent to investor-State arbitration enshrined in intra-EU bilateral investment treaties was found to be incompatible with the autonomy of the European Union (EU) legal order, the European Commission has presented a draft proposal for the modernization of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). The proposal relies markedly on the new investment agreements concluded between the European Union and third states, mainly CETA and the agreements with Singapore and Vietnam. It puts forward some key amendments on substantive provisions, by creating regulatory space for sustainable development and transition to clean energy. As regards the fair and equitable standard, the proposal adds that the ‘the tribunal may take into account whether a Contracting party made a specific representation to an investor to induce a covered investment, that created a legitimate expectation, upon which the investor relied in to make or maintain the covered investment’. This article focuses on the concept of ‘specific representation’, by asking whether it (still) encompasses promises made by the legislator, in order to access the impact that said provision might have on previous ECT arbitration case law concerning renewable energy and climate change.
- O virtual e a experiência estética do mundoPublication . Morais, Carlos BizarroOs extraordinários desenvolvimentos tecnológicos aplicados à produção de imagens têm demonstrado fomentar o uso crescente do conceito de virtual. No entanto, se o virtual é omnipresente à nossa volta, também é verdade que tal invasão em todas as áreas de nossa cultura é hoje alvo de críticas acertadas: o imaginário do virtual, longe de enriquecer a nossa experiência do real, vem contribuindo para uma perda irreparável dessa mesma experiência. Ao criar um simulacro da realidade, suscetível de todas as instrumentalizações, o virtual diminuiria drasticamente o seu sentido de densidade, polimorfia, rugosidade – numa palavra, a sua presença misteriosa. Pretendemos contrariar essa visão mostrando que o virtual reforça a nossa relação com a realidade. Longe de ser um fator de “desrealização”, o processo promotor das imagens virtuais impulsiona o real. Na medida em que a imagem virtual lastra a perceção, brota do imaginário e acompanha a nossa experiência afetiva, ela torna-se coadjuvante de um a priori da nossa relação com o mundo – especialmente se tal relação acontece sob o manto da vivência estética. Esta incursão entronca no pensamento de Mikel Dufrenne, em cuja obra estético-filosófica encontramos contribuições de grande atualidade para este tema.
- Cidadania europeia na formação inicial de educadores de infância e professores do 1º CEBPublication . Brito, Rita; Baltazar, IsabelNo âmbito da formação inicial de educadores de infância e professores do 1o CEB, um grupo de 20 estudantes realizou atividades com crianças de 3-9 anos com o objetivo de implementar a cidadania europeia nas instituições educativas e com os grupos de crianças. Os estudantes partiram de material pedagógico já existente no Centro de Investigação Jaques Delors e reformularam-no a partir da leitura que fizeram do conceito de cidadania, adaptando-o às crianças. Este conceito foi adequado às crianças, através de atividades cativantes, sendo este um tema pouco abordado. As crianças mostraram uma grande adesão e sentiram-se motivadas para a participação nas atividades. Por outro lado, os estudantes também se tornaram mais sensíveis à temática da cidadania europeia, sentindo-se mais confiantes para a explorar com as crianças.
- Poesia como exercício espiritualPublication . Vilas Boas, Alex
- Space Syntax with PrologPublication . Fernandes, Pedro AfonsoThis paper introduces a new way to perform space syntax analyses using Prolog, a Logic Programming language concerned with Artificial Intelligence. Developed in the 1970’s to process natural languages, Prolog can deal easily with simple declarations of facts like the connection (or permeability) between convex spaces or axial lines. Readily available on-line through the SWISH platform, in a fancy format inspired by Jupyter Notebooks, Prolog may help to understand the recursive nature of urban processes, given some elementary generators, or to describe or even check the structure (e.g. concentric) of some village. Mostly important, Prolog can compute space syntax measures such connectivity, control or integration in a comprehensive, transparent and attractive way, namely, for students and researchers on space syntax. The experience suggests that Prolog may be appropriate for gamma-analysis of small buildings like the Ashanti’s shrine, acting as flexible and easily replicable calculator of syntactic measures. This flexibility is reinforced by the free and open-source nature of the code stored in the SWISH platform, as well as by the declarative nature of Logic Programming, which facilitates the description of the patterns of discrete systems as social knowables. In fact, a Prolog program represents a certain amount of knowledge, which is used to answer queries about the social and economic consequences of some spatial design.
- Qualidade de vida e bem-estar de jovens adultos à entrada do Ensino Superior MilitarPublication . Matos, Beatriz; Santos, Renato Pessoa dos; Francisco, Rita; Almeida, Sandra OliveiraA entrada no ensino superior militar conduz a novos desafios e exigências, tanto pelo regime militar, como pelo regime de internato. A qualidade de vida dos universitários tem sido uma preocupação para as instituições, sendo o objetivo deste estudo compreender as relações entre estratégias de coping, bem-estar global e qualidade de vida associada a um evento potenciador de stress, a Prova de Aptidão Militar (PAM). Participaram no estudo todos os candidatos à PAM no ano letivo 2019/2020 (N = 166), para os vários cursos da Academia Militar (AM), com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e os 24 anos (M = 18.78; DP = 1.53). Os participantes preencheram instrumentos de autorrelato para avaliação de bem-estar global (Escala de Florescimento), estratégias de coping (Incope-2R) e qualidade de vida (EUROHIS- QOL-8). Os resultados mostraram correlações entre diversas estratégias de coping (e.g., ruminação, resolução de problemas), o bem-estar global e a qualidade de vida. Através de uma regressão linear múltipla hierárquica, foram identificados como preditores do bem-estar global o sexo dos participantes (feminino), a perceção de qualidade de vida e a reduzida utilização do evitamento como estratégia de coping. Em conjunto, estas variáveis explicam 36.8% da variância do bem-estar dos candidatos à AM. A utilização e promoção de estratégias de coping adequadas permitirão uma adaptação positiva à PAM e consequentemente um impacto positivo no bem-estar e saúde mental dos estudantes de ensino superior militar, podendo ser foco de intervenções preventivas nesta fase de vida.
- Rates of instrumental vaginal birth and cesarean and quality of maternal and newborn health care in private versus public facilities: results of the IMAgiNE EURO study in 16 countriesPublication . IMAgiNE EURO study group; Lazzerini, Marzia; Valente, Emanuelle Pessa; Covi, Benedetta; Rozée, Virginie; Costa, Raquel; Otelea, Marina Ruxandra; Abderhalden-Zellweger, Alessia; Węgrzynowska, Maria; Linden, Karolina; Arendt, Maryse; Brigidi, Serena; Miani, Céline; Pumpure, Elizabete; Radetic, Jelena; Drandic, Daniela; Cerimagic, Amira; Nedberg, Ingvild Hersoug; Liepinaitienė, Alina; Rodrigues, Carina; de Labrusse, Claire; Baranowska, Barbara; Zaigham, Mehreen; Castañeda, Lara Martín; Batram-Zantvoort, Stephanie; Jakovicka, Dārta; Ruzicic, Jovana; Juciūtė, Simona; Santos, Teresa; Gemperle, Michael; Tataj-Puzyna, Urszula; Elden, Helen; Mizgaitienė, Marija; Lincetto, Ornella; Sacks, Emma; Mariani, IlariaObjective: To explore the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) during the COVID-19 pandemic by facility type among 16 European countries, comparing rates of instrumental vaginal birth and cesarean. Methods: Women who gave birth in the WHO European Region from March 1, 2020, to February 7, 2022, answered a validated online questionnaire. Rates of instrumental birth, instrumental vaginal birth, and cesarean, and a QMNC index were calculated for births in public versus private facilities. Results: Responses from 25 206 participants were analyzed. Women giving birth in private compared with public facilities reported significantly more frequent total cesarean (32.5% vs 19.0%; aOR 1.70; 95% CI 1.52–1.90), elective cesarean (17.3% vs 7.8%; aOR 1.90; 95% CI 1.65–2.19), and emergency cesarean before labor (7.4% vs 3.9%; aOR 1.39; 95% CI 1.14–1.70) (P < 0.001 for all comparisons), with analyses by country confirming these results. QMNC index results were heterogeneous across countries and regions in the same country and were largely affected by geographical distribution of regions rather than by type of facility alone. Conclusion: The study confirms that births in private facilities have higher odds of cesarean. It also suggests that QMNC should be closely monitored in all facilities to achieve high-quality care, independent of facility type or geographical distribution. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04847336.
- Quality indicators in ambulatory care surgery: a scoping reviewPublication . Pinto, Joana; Matias, Ana Cristina; Sá, Luís; Amaral, AntónioAmbulatory care surgery has multiple advantages over inpatient surgery, leading to great advances in recent years. Quality monitoring and assessment should be a dynamic and evolving process. Therefore, it is necessary to understand which quality indicators evaluate the process, structure, and outcomes underlying AS. This scoping review will potentialy help inform the scientific community of the quality indicators used worldwide to assess ambulatory care surgery.
- Family foster care: perceptions of Portuguese child protection professionalsPublication . Negrão, Mariana; Mendonça, Maria Ana; Veiga, Elisa; Veríssimo, Lurdes; Moreira, MarinaFamily foster care (FFC) is the preferred out-of-home care measure for the protection of children and youth through Europe, in accordance with research findings of its superiority in meeting developmental needs of children and youth. Portugal, however, does not accompany the European trend in the implementation of FFC. Even after changes made to the law, prioritizing FFC, it represents only 2,7% of out-of-home placements (Instituto de Segurança Social, I.P. [ISS-IP], 2020).The main goal of this exploratory and descriptive study is to understand the perceptions of Portuguese child protection professionals concerning FFC. 101 participants, from different professional backgrounds and child protection contexts, filled out a questionnaire. Main findings show a heterogeneous degree of familiarity to FFC, and a generally positive although reserved attitude to it. Professionals seem to value its child-centred approach and ability to promote child development and healthy attachment relationships, due to the benefits of a family environment. Participants identified regulations and procedures related to selection, evaluation, training, and support to foster families both as obstacles and necessary conditions for placement success, indicating important arenas where change urges.
- 'Rocha' pear mineral composition relation with quality traitsPublication . Dias, Cindy; Rodrigues, Ana Cristina; Vasconcelos, Marta W.; Ferrante, António; Pintado, Manuela