Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2014-07"
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- Oral health behaviors in a sample of Portuguese adolescents: an educational issuePublication . Veiga, Nélio; Pereira, Carlos; Ferreira, Paula; Correia, Ilídio J.Introduction: Oral health education is an important issue that should be given to children and adolescents, allowing the acquisition of correct oral health behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral health behaviors among a sample of portuguese adolescents and verify the association with socio-demographic factors, in order to analyze the main needs related with oral health education to improve oral health status among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 447 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years old, attending a public school in Sátão, Portugal. A self-administered questionnaire was applied questioning about socio-demographic factors and oral health behaviors to each adolescent in the classroom. Prevalence was expressed in proportions and crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure the strength of association between oral health behaviors and socio-demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of tooth brushing (twice-a-day or more) was 90.6%. Five point eight percent of adolescents reported daily flossing, more frequent among female gender (female, OR = 2.03, 95% CI = (1.35 to 3.05)) and adolescents older than 15 years (>15 years, OR = 1.90, 95% CI = (1.24 to 2.92)). Sixty-seven percent had at least one dental appointment in the previous twelve months. The prevalence of dental appointments was associated with the father’s professional situation (unemployed, OR = 0.33, 95% CI = (0.17 to 0.65)) and crowding index (>1, OR = 0.4, 95% CI = (0.16 to 0.98)). Thirty-two point nine percent of adolescents referred having at least one episode of dental pain during their lives. Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study that show the need of improvement of some aspects related with oral health among adolescents, oral health community programs and primary preventive strategies, such as improvement of oral health education in schools should be considered in order to reduce the risk level of oral diseases and develop better oral health behaviors.
- Educação para a deliberação: o uso de documentários em Educação (Bio)éticaPublication . Magalhães, Susana; Morais, Diogo; Teixeira, Luis Miguel Lopes; Carvalho, Ana Sofia
- A Blogosfera como ambiente para o desenvolvimento profissional dos Professores de Física e QuímicaPublication . Castro, CornéliaA sociedade atual, imersa em tecnologia, apresenta desafios ao professor de física e química neste século XXI, os quais se revestem de múltiplos contornos, nomeadamente de ordem tecnológica. O ambiente rico em tecnologia em que se transformou a sala de aula, veio contribuir para a tomada de consciência de que a integração das tecnologias de informação e comunicação no processo de ensinar e aprender, não poderá ser ignorada. Neste estudo, apresentam-se contributos de produção pedagógica de blogues por professores de física e química, os quais partilham e disseminam, desta forma, as suas práticas. São apresentados e analisados exemplos de utilização de ferramentas que os professores de física e química privilegiam para a partilha de recursos como apoio ao trabalho em sala de aula. Constituindo-se como um modo de integração das TIC de modo didático e pedagógico na disciplina de física e química do ensino básico e secundário, contribuem ainda como um meio para o desenvolvimento profissional dos pares.
- Desafios 7 - cadernos de trans_formaçãoPublication . Silva, Ana Paula
- Desafios 6 - cadernos de trans_formaçãoPublication . Silva, Ana Paula
- Dysregulated behaviours in bulimia nervosa : a case‐control studyPublication . Gonçalves, Sónia Ferreira; Machado, Bárbara César; Martins, Carla; Brandão, Isabel; Roma-Torres, António; Machado, Paulo P.Background: Bulimia nervosa (BN) is often related to self-control difficulties and to dysregulated behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of self-injurious behaviour, suicide attempts, and other dysregulated behaviours in BN, using two control groups (a healthy group and a general psychiatric group), and also to examine the association between these behaviours and alleged sexual abuse in BN. Method: Women (N = 233) aged between 13 and 38 years old were evaluated using a semi-structured interview. Results: Participants with BN reported more self-injurious behaviours, suicide attempts by drug intake, and poor control in smoking and illicit drugs use compared with participants in both control groups. Participants with BN also reported more spending behaviours when compared with the general psychiatric control group. The use of illegal drugs and medication was significantly related to alleged sexual abuse in BN participants. Conclusions: This study concluded that BN is often related to dysregulated behaviours, and clinicians must take into account the multi-impulsive spectrum behaviours of BN in their evaluation and treatment of BN.
- Enhancing positive parent-child interactions and family functioning in a poverty sample : a randomized control trialPublication . Negrão, Mariana; Pereira, Mariana; Soares, Isabel; Mesman, JudiThis study tested the attachment-based intervention program Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) in a randomized controlled trial with poor families of toddlers screened for professional’s concerns about the child’s caregiving environment. The VIPP-SD is an evidence-based intervention, but has not yet been tested in the context of poverty. The sample included 43 families with 1- to 4-year-old children: mean age at the pretest was 29 months and 51% were boys. At the pretest and posttest, mother–child interactions were observed at home, and mothers reported on family functioning. The VIPP-SD proved to be effective in enhancing positive parent–child interactions and positive family relations in a severely deprived context. Results are discussed in terms of implications for support services provided to such poor families in order to reduce intergenerational risk transmission.
- Growth promotional traits of three PGPR : possible uses for phytoremediation of degraded soilsPublication . Moreira, Helena; Pereira, Sofia A.; Vegas, Alberto L.; Rangel, António O. S. S.; Castro, Paula M. L.; Marques, Ana P. G. C.Maize is a fast-growing and high yield crop with both energy value and remediation potential. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a biological tool available to enhance plant establishment in degraded or depleted environments such as the case of saline soils or heavy-metal contaminated land. Although PGPR are able to produce metabolites such as siderophores, HCN and ammonia, or solubilize nutrients such as phosphate, these beneficial traits for the plant may be influenced by exposure to excessive levels of such contaminants. In this study, three PGPR (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Ralstonia eutropha and Cryseobacterium humi) were screened for those traits in the presence of different levels of Cd and Zn, and also to different salinization conditions. Their ability to influence maize germination and root and shoot elongation was also analyzed. Results showed that the level of exposure generally affected the ability of the tested strains to produce plant growth promoting substances. However, dissimilar sensibilities in the behavior of the different strains were observed when exposed to similar stress conditions. These differences were also noticeable in the plant development, with the tested PGPR generally positively influencing the analyzed parameters. Results suggest that PGPR can be exploited to promote stress relief of maize when grown in degraded land. Such knowledge may provide a new insight concerning the advantages of such biotechnologically based tools for phytoremediation.
- Risk factors and antecedent life events in the development of anorexia nervosa : a Portuguese case-control studyPublication . Machado, Bárbara César; Gonçalves, Sónia; Martins, Carla; Hoek, Hans W.; Machado, Paulo P.Objective: The aetiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) is considered to be multifactorial. This study aims to identify potential risk factors for AN and whether these factors are specific to AN or precede the development of psychiatric disorders in general and to identify specific life events in the 12 months immediately preceding the onset of eating disorder (ED) symptoms. Method: A case-control design was used to compare a group of women who meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for AN (N = 86) with healthy controls (N = 86) and with a group of controls with other psychiatric disorders (N = 68), each group matched to the AN patients by age and parental socioeconomic status bands. Risk factors were assessed by interviewing each person with the Oxford Risk Factor Interview. Results: Women with AN reported significantly higher rates of perfectionism, negative attitudes toward parents' shape and weight, significant concern about feeling fat and a family history of AN or bulimia nervosa. Critical comments about weight, shape or eating was the most notable event in the year preceding AN onset. Discussion: Perfectionism and a family history of ED emerged as the most convergent findings in the development of AN, along with being critical toward parents' shape and weight, and feeling fat. Critical comments about appearance and eating seem to be an important precipitating factor in AN onset.
- Value and quantity data in economic and technical efficiency measurementPublication . Portela, Maria Conceição A. SilvaThis paper calls attention to the implications of using value data in efficiency measurement through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The main contributions are twofold: (i) it provides a reconciliation of the previous literature on analysing issues of quantity and value data in efficiency measurement, (ii) it provides some guidelines on what to do, when these issues arise in a data set.