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- Effect of storage conditions on stability of free and encapsulated – in plain or cysteine-supplemented alginate, Lactobacillus acidophilus KiPublication . Sousa, S.; Gomes, A.; Pintado, M.; Silva, J.; Costa, P.; Amaral, M.; Rocha-Santos, T.; Rodrigues, D.; Freitas, A.Lately, many functional food products have been widely released. Functional foods are foods which promote health beyond providing basic nutrition (Sanders, 1998). Probiotic bacteria are currently used in the development of functional food products (Pimentel-González, 2009; Siró et al., 2008), yet sometimes face technological challenges when incorporated in food matrices with more aggressive environments – salt, acid or oxygen concentrations. In order to be effective, the suggested concentration for probiotic bacteria is 106 CFU/g of a product (Shah, 2000). Encapsulation is an efficient technique to overcome such difficulties since microcapsules help in their protection from both the product intrinsic properties and the gastrointestinal tract conditions. Besides the challenges originated by the food matrices and the gastrointestinal tract there is also the challenge of conservation of the viable microorganisms throughout production and storage of the delivery food product which is also a reason for encapsulating probiotics (Allan-Wojtas et al., 2008) since the encapsulation technique can also help to protect the probiotics from the storage conditions of the product and thus increase its shelf-life in which the microorganisms are inside their effectiveness range. In this research work stability of calcium alginate capsules, produced by extrusion by aerodynamically assisted flow, throughout six months storage was studied. The effect of four storage temperatures (21, 4, -20 and -80 ºC) upon the viability of free and encapsulated cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus Ki was assessed. Two types of microcapsules were produced – one with calcium alginate and another where L-cysteine·HCl was utilized as a supplement to the calcium alginate matrix.
- Encapsulation of natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of Diabetic RetinopathyPublication . Silva, S. Baptista da; Pintado, M.; Ferreira, D.; Sarmento, B.Introduction Diabetic retinopathy is a disease resulting from diabetic chronic hyperglycemia characterized by microvascular complications in the retina, where neuronal elements responsible for vision are located. Oxidative stress has been widely regarded as the main etiological factor for the emergence of ocular disease. Antioxidant therapy has been related with inhibition of diabetes-induced abnormalities of retinal metabolism. However ocular treatment effectiveness is purely low, considering the several routes of administration. The improvement of ocular bioavailability is the ultimate era of Science. This review data encompasses new nanosystems with therapeutic potential improvements and involving routes of administration local and with a better performance facing biological barriers. Nanoparticles are described to offer real benefits to the stability, drug delivery and therapy of the patient and the most advanced treatment modalities for ocular conditions.
- Tradução do método de avaliação da confusão (CAM): importância no contexto da saúde mentalPublication . Sampaio, Francisco; Sequeira, Carlos; Sá, LuísNeste artigo faz-se a descrição da importância da adopção de instrumentos de actividade diagnóstica em Enfermagem e a necessidade de validação de instrumentos usados noutros contextos. No caminho de um melhor diagnóstico em Enfermagem relativo à confusão, ganha então importância a tradução e utilização da Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), um instrumento de avaliação da confusão aguda introduzido em 1990 por Inouye e cols. É uma ferramenta de uso simples (desenhado para clínicos não treinados em Psiquiatria) e rápido, apresentando uma sensibilidade e especificidade superiores a 80% para os critérios diagnósticos preconizados pela American Psychiatric Association (APA) em 1994, apresentados na Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) – IV.
- Legislação republicana em matéria religiosa e separaçãoPublication . Pinto, Sérgio Ribeiro
- Religiosidades e universos devocionaisPublication . Pinto, Sérgio Ribeiro
- Cidadania e espiritualidadesPublication . Ferreira, António Matos
- Situação das outras correntes religiosas: o caso do protestantismo portuguêsPublication . Leite, Rita Mendonça
- Questões em abertoPublication . Dores, Hugo