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- Application of a PGP bacterial bioinoculant in a vineyard: impact on soil biochemical properties and must compositionPublication . Prieto-Fernández, Ángeles; Pereira, Sofia; Sousa, Ana Sofia; Rodríguez-Garrido, Beatriz; González-Prieto, Serafin; Castro, Paula; Trasar-Cepeda, CarmenThe ReCROP project, funded by the PRIMA-Med programme, focuses on the development of sustainable agricultural production systems through the combined use of biotechnological tools and environmentally friendly agronomic practices to enhance soil functions and health. As part of this project, a PGP bacterial strain was used as a bioinoculant in a vineyard of the Mencía variety, located within the DO Ribeiro region (Galicia, NW Spain). This study presents the results of bioinoculation performed over two consecutive cropping seasons, 2023 and 2024. At the harvest, soil and grape samples were collected from both non-inoculated and inoculated vines. Soil analysis included general characterization, determination of labile C compounds, C and N mineralization, and the measurement of several enzymatic activities. Must was analyzed for pH, sugar content, and organic acids. The bioinoculation led to an increase in labile C compounds, enhanced N mineralization, and stimulated several enzymatic activities. Additionally, preliminary results indicate that the must composition was altered by the bioinoculant, which modified the profile of organic acids.
- Application of a PGP bacterial bioinoculant in a vineyard: impact on soil biochemical properties and must compositionPublication . Prieto-Fernández, Ángeles; Pereira, Sofia; Sousa, Ana Sofia; Rodríguez-Garrido, Beatriz; González-Prieto, Serafin; Castro, Paula; Trasar-Cepeda, CarmenIntroduction: Sustainable agriculture increasingly relies on the use of environmentally friendly practices and biotechnological tools to maintain soil health and productivity. The ReCROP project, funded by the PRIMA-Med programme, aims to enhance soil functions and resilience through integrated cropping systems. As part of this initiative, we evaluated the effects of a plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial bioinoculant applied in a vineyard of the Mencía grape variety located in the Ribeiro Denomination of Origin (Galicia, NW Spain). This study explores the bioinoculant's influence on soil biochemical properties and must composition over two growing seasons. Experimental field site: The field trial was conducted in a vineyard located in the Denomination of Origin (D.O.) Ribeiro area, specifically in A Gandarela – Esposende, within the municipality of Ribadavia (Galicia, NW Spain). The vineyard is situated at GPS coordinates 42.2959, -8.1327 and is registered in the SIGPAC system under code 32 70 00 44 148. The site is representative of typical Ribeiro vineyards, characterized by a temperate Atlantic climate. The experimental area covered approximately 0.03 ha and consisted of three plots, each with an approximate area of 100 m². Material and methods: The study was conducted over two consecutive cropping seasons (2023 and 2024) in the described experimental vineyard. A plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial strain, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans EAPAA, was used as a bioinoculant. The selected PGP strain presents beneficial traits such as phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation. The strain was cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) and the inoculum consisted of 500 mL of a bacterial suspension with an optical density of 1.0, applied at the base of each grapevine stock in early spring. In each plot, four grapevines were inoculated and four were treated with 1/3 diluted TSB as controls. At harvest, soil and grape samples were collected from both non-inoculated and inoculated vines. Soil samples were taken at the base of each vine and pooled to obtain one composite sample for the inoculated and one for the non-inoculated treatments per plot. Conclusions: The bioinoculation with the PGP strain Arthrobacter nicotinovorans EAPAA in a Mencía vineyard led to several soil beneficial effects: Improved availability of labile C and labile P; Enhanced soil biological and biochemical activity, particularly of the N and P cycles. The bioinoculation also appears to induce modifications of must composition, which should be further studied to analyse their impact in the vinification process. These findings suggest that the bioinoculant can contribute to improving soil functionality and may influence grape quality, offering a promising strategy for sustainable vineyard management.
- Arthrobacter nicotinovorans EAPAA enhances must attributes: evidence from Spanish and Portuguese case studiesPublication . Sousa, Ana Sofia da Silva; Prieto Fernández, Ángeles; Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen; Castro, Paula; Pereira, Sofia Isabel AlmeidaBackground: Mediterranean agriculture faces severe challenges from soil degradation and water scarcity, intensified climate change, and unsustainable practices, like the overuse of chemicals. These pressures drive biodiversity loss, soil erosion, and declining crop productivity, threatening food security and farming’s long-term viability. Enhancing resilience in agri-food systems requires the combination of sustainable agronomic practices and innovative biotechnological solutions. Among these, the use of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a currently sought strategy to support crop performance. Despite their proven benefits under controlled conditions, it is essential to widen the assessment of PGPB robustness and stability in real-world situations. Methods: Two case studies in Ribeiro (Spain) and Douro (Portugal) evaluated the effects of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans EAPAA inoculation on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), focusing on must quality and soil properties. The strain EAPAA has been shown to enhance P solubilization and N2 fixation. Field trials covered an average area of 300 m2 in Spain and 600 m2 in Portugal. Results: Must composition analysis show that inoculation significantly affected sugars and organic acid levels in both sites. In Spain, inoculation increased glucose and fructose by 18% and 31%, respectively; tartaric and malic acid by 17.5% and 9.2%, respectively, and succinic acid by 29.8%- 71.3%, alongside higher soil P available, labile C compounds, and biological activity. In Portugal, sugars increased by 33% and tartaric and malic acids by 50%, improvements that directly influence the quality of the wine. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the adaptability of A. nicotinovorans EAPAA and its beneficial effects on both must quality and soil health.
- Comparative study of the microbial diversity of bulk paddy soil of two rice fields subjected to organic and conventional farmingPublication . Lopes, Ana R.; Faria, Cátia; Prieto-Fernández, Ángeles; Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen; Manaia, Célia M.; Nunes, Olga C.Two adjacent paddies of an experimental rice field, subjected to organic and conventional farming, were characterized aiming the comparative assessment of microbiological variations occurring in the bulk paddy soil over the rice cycle. This study comprehended the simultaneous characterization of general physicochemical soil properties [total carbon and nitrogen, pH (H2O and KCl), C:N ratio and water content], biochemical properties [enzymatic activities and Community Level Physiological Profiles (CLPP)], the estimation of cultivable organisms (enumeration of fast growing heterotrophic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi) and the assessment of bacterial diversity using a culture-independent method (PCR-DGGE fingerprinting). The linkage of the parameters measured was analysed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). CCA ordination plots of the CLPP showed a similar pattern of microbial functional activity in both agronomic management systems, except in June. Enzymatic activity, water content and fungi counts were the main factors affecting the observed CLPP time variation. Such a variation was not expressed by the Shannon and evenness indices, which did not evidence significant differences in the bacterial and functional diversity between or within farming type over the analysed period. The cluster and CCA analyses of the DGGE profiles allowed the distinction of the bacterial communities of both paddies, with temporal variations being observed in the organically managed field but not in the conventional paddy. Enzymatic activity, pH and molinate content were the factors which most contributed to the observed variations. Altogether these results underline the functional redundancy of the rice paddy soil and evidence the temporal variations on the metabolic activity of soil, irrespective of farming type.
- Crop rotation and cropping phase in rice paddies and their relationship with variations of the soil microbial communitiesPublication . Lopes, Ana Rita Rego; Bello, Diana; Prieto-Fernández, Ángeles; Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen; Gil-Sotres, Fernando; Leirós, Maria; Manaia, Célia M.; Nunes, Olga
- Long-term effects of phytomanagement with Populus sp. on soil biodiversityPublication . Epelde, Lur; Urionabarrenetxea, Erik; Anza, Mikel; Castro, Paula M. L.; Mench, Michel; Moreira, Helena G.; Pereira, Sofia I. A.; Prieto-Fernández, Ángeles; Rodríguez-Garrido, Beatriz; Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen; Vilela, Juan; Soto, Manu; Garbisu, Carlos
- Relationships among bulk soil physicochemical, biochemical, and microbiological parameters in an organic alfalfa-rice rotation systemPublication . Lopes, Ana R.; Bello, Diana; Prieto-Fernández, Ángeles; Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen; Manaia, Célia M.; Nunes, Olga C.The microbial communities of bulk soil of rice paddy fields under an ancient organic agriculture regimen, consisting on an alfalfa-rice rotation system, were characterized. The drained soil of two adjacent paddies at different stages of the rotation was compared before rice seeding and after harvesting. The relationships among the soil microbial, physicochemical, and biochemical parameters were investigated using multivariate analyses. In the first year of rice cropping, aerobic cultivable heterotrophic populations correlated with lineages of presumably aerobic bacteria (e.g., Sphingobacteriales, Sphingomonadales). In the second year of rice cropping, the total C content correlated with presumable anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Anaerolineae). Independently of the year of rice cropping, before rice seeding, proteolytic activity correlated positively with the cultivable aerobic heterotrophic and ammonifier populations, the soil catabolic profile and with presumable aerobes (e.g., Sphingobacteriales, Rhizobiales) and anaerobes (e.g., Bacteroidales, Anaerolineae). After harvesting, strongest correlations were observed between cultivable diazotrophic populations and bacterial groups described as comprising N-2 fixing members (e.g., Chloroflexi-Ellin6529, Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria). It was demonstrated that chemical parameters and microbial functions were correlated with variations on the total bacterial community composition and structure occurring during rice cropping. A better understanding of these correlations and of their implications on soil productivity may be valid contributors for sustainable agriculture practices, based on ancient processes.