Browsing by Author "Reis, Hugo"
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- Analysis of the concept of guilt: from conceptual divergence to its implications for nursing researchPublication . Reis, Hugo; Deodato, SérgioBackground: Guilt has been an object of study in several areas of knowledge, including nursing. However, this concept is defined differently across disciplines, which is one of the main obstacles to developing studies on this topic. Objective: This study results from a narrative literature review. It aims to present a conceptual analysis of guilt while reflecting on the need to study the definition of the concept based on the former carers’ experience of this phenomenon. Main topics of analysis: Definition of the concept of guilt in the light of philosophy, legal sciences, and nursing, and presentation of the need to map the concept as a key starting point for the production of scientific knowledge. Conclusion: The literature describes the concept of guilt as a multidisciplinary concept with multiple meanings. Mapping the concept of guilt in a specific population and context is a key starting point for developing future studies on this topic.
- O conceito de culpa no pós-cuidador: a scoping reviewPublication . Reis, Hugo; Deodato, Sérgio
- A culpa no pós-cuidador enlutado por cancro: revisão da literatura científicaPublication . Reis, Hugo; Deodato, Sérgio
- Fluctuations in the wage gap between vocational and general secondary education: lessons from PortugalPublication . Raposo, Pedro Miguel; Hartog, Joop; Reis, HugoWe document and analyse the wage gap between vocational and general secondary education in Portugal between 1994 and 2013. As Portuguese workers have been educated in different school systems, we have to distinguish between birth cohorts. Analysing the wage gaps within cohorts, we find no support for either the human capital prediction of crossing wage profiles or the hypothesis that general graduates increasingly outperform vocational graduates in late career. We discover that the life- cycle wage profiles have shifted over time. We link the pattern of shifting cohort profiles to changes in the school system and in the structure of labour demand. We conclude that assessing the relative value of vocational education requires assessing how the vocational curriculum responds to changes in economic structure and technology. We show that the decline in assortative matching between workers and firms has benefited vocationally educated workers.
- Human capital spillovers and returns to educationPublication . Portugal, Pedro; Reis, Hugo; Guimarães, Paulo; Cardoso, Ana RuteIn this paper, we quantify the impact of co-workers’ human capital on a worker’s productivity and, more specifically, the spillovers of co-workers’ education within the workplace. We identify the impact of peer quality and provide an unambiguous decomposition of the impact of unobserved heterogeneity on the estimated returns to education. We find that peer effects are quite sizeable. A one standard deviation increase in the measure of peer quality leads to a wage increase of 2.1 percent. We also unveil that an additional year of average education of co-workers yields a 0.5 percent increase in the individual own wage.
- Learning through repetition? A dynamic evaluation of grade retention in PortugalPublication . Boghesan, Emilio; Reis, Hugo; Todd, Petra E.High rates of grade retention are a matter of much controversy and debate worldwide. Although some students may learn more with extended classroom time, other students get discouraged and drop out of school. This paper develops and implements a dynamic value-added modeling approach for estimating grade retention effects in Portuguese high schools where over 40% of students were retained. The statistical model is derived from an education production function that describes how knowledge cumulates with sequential years of school attendance, including repeated grades. Model parameters are obtained using simulated method of moments applied to nationwide administrative test score data. The estimated model is used to simulate achievement in math and Portuguese under the existing grade retention and compulsory schooling policies and under alternative policies. Results show that the average impact of the current policy on 12th grade test scores of retained students is positive, 0.2 standard deviations in math and 0.5 s.d. in Portuguese. However, we find that the test score impacts are heterogeneous and roughly one third of students experience learning loss. Retention also significantly increases school dropout, especially for male youth and older students. We compute policy-relevant treatment effects for retention’s effects on lifetime earnings, taking into account retention’s simultaneous effects on educational attainment, knowledge, and age of labor market entry, and we solve for the optimal retention policy that maximizes average lifetime earnings in the population.
- Please call me John: name choice and the assimilation of immigrants in the United States, 1900–1930Publication . Carneiro, Pedro; Lee, Sokbae; Reis, HugoThe majority of immigrants to the United States at the beginning of the 20th century adopted American first names. In this paper we study the economic determinants of name choice, by relating the propensity of immigrants to carry an American first name to the local concentration of their compatriots and local labor market conditions. We find that high concentrations of immigrants of a given nationality discouraged members of that nationality from taking American names, in particular for more recent arrivals. In contrast, labor market conditions for immigrants do not seem to be associated with more frequent name changes among immigrants.
- Returns to schooling in the Portuguese economy: a reassessmentPublication . Campos, Maria Manuel; Reis, HugoThis paper provides an overview of the evolution of private returns to schooling in the Portuguese economy along the 1986-2013 period. We estimate the returns separately for men and women, at the mean and along the conditional wage distribution. Returns to schooling are found to be high, particularly for women, and to increase along the distribution. The magnitude of the returns increased throughout the 1986-2013 period, but particularly in the 1990s. We also provide estimates of the relative wage premium associated with specific levels of educational attainment and find that they are highest for tertiary education. In the first decades under analysis, relative wage premia associated with the 9th grade stand above those estimated for secondary education, whereas in the most recent period these differences are negligible.
- Risk and heterogeneity in benefits from vocational versus general secondary education: estimates for early and mature career stages in PortugalPublication . Hartog, Joop; Raposo, Pedro; Reis, HugoWe estimate a dynamic model of individual labour market careers (turnover and search, wage development) on Portuguese panel data of graduates from vocational and general secondary education. We find that vocational graduates benefit more from the internal labour market than from the external market. This holds even more for mature than for young individuals. This hurts as among the mature, vocational has higher lay-off probability. To the common result that vocational education trades early employment advantage for later disadvantage we add a decomposition of employment status in its dynamic components. To the literature on wage effects we add a breakdown of variances in heterogeneity and risk.
- Survival of the fittest: tourism exposure and firm survivalPublication . Caires, Filipe B.; Reis, Hugo; Rodrigues, Paulo M. M.In this article, a discrete-time hazard model to study firm survival in the Portuguese Tourism sector is estimated. This sector has experienced a remarkable performance over the last decades. Results show that when compared to other sectors, tourism firms are more likely to exit: (i) if they are young (less than 10 years of existence); and (ii) if they belong to the group of worse performers (i.e. belong to the lower tail of the firm distribution). Within tourism related sectors, firms with highest tourism exposure, such as travel agencies and hotels are always among the best performers in terms of survival. Moreover, despite of Tourism being one of the most volatile sectors in periods of high uncertainty, results show a higher survival resilience among established tourism associated firms.