Browsing by Author "Pinto, Teresa Rebelo"
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- Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Sleep Model’s QuestionnairesPublication . Pinto, Teresa Rebelo; Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Pinto, Helena Rebelo; Brito, Filipa; Paiva, TeresaObjectives: The present study aims to test the factor structure of two sleep questionnaires and their internal consistency in a sample of adolescents and their respective parents and to evaluate the validity and robustness of a three-dimensional model about sleep, addressing nine subcategories related to sleep habits, personal and environmental factors (Rebelo-Pinto, Pinto, Rebelo-Pinto, & Paiva, 2014). Methods: Participants were 654 adolescents from Portuguese schools, who completed “My Sleep and I” questionnaire, and 664 parents who completed “My child’s sleep” questionnaire; to them confirmatory factor analysis was applied. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicate that a nine-factor model has better fit indices compared with the others tested models for both samples (Adolescents: X2/df (chi-square/degrees of freedom)= 2.59, CFI (Comparative Fit Index)=.82, GFI (Goodness-of-Fit Index)=.92, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)=.049, ECVI (Expected Cross-Validation Index)= 1.416; Parents: X2/df= 2.89, CFI=.85, GFI=.91, RMSEA=.053, ECVI= 1.528). Moreover, the comparison of the models through Δχ² index (chi-square difference between rival models) indicates a better fit for this model, Δχ² (24) = 186.5, p < .001 for adolescents and Δχ² (24) = 209, p < .001 for parents. Also, the three second-order factors have good internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity for all factors in both samples. Conclusions: Results postulate that the three factors and their nine subcategories account for correlations between sleep habits, self-perceptions and knowledge about sleep.
- Evaluation of two projects on Sleep Education: “Sleep Schools Project” and “Sleep more to Read better”Publication . Pinto, Teresa Rebelo; Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Pinto, Helena Rebelo; Brito, Filipa; Cravo, Filomena; Luís, Paula; Paiva, TeresaObjectives: The present work aims to present the activities of sleep education and sleep awareness, whenever an educational model is assumed: a three-dimensional model about sleep, addressing sleep habits, personal and environmental factors with nine subcategories, together with the associated community projects around sleep and scientific research activities. Two projects are evaluated: Sleep Schools Project (SSP) and Sleep more to Read better (SMRB) Methods: In spite of somewhat different objectives both projects used similar methodologies and therefore are evaluated together. The program was developed in public and private Portuguese schools, from “kindergarden” to Secondary school???. The observation period is 5 years. The number of educational and awareness actions was computed along project evolution and trends measured. Idem for community projects around sleep, research presentations, education materials and media dissemination (direct and indirect impacts). Besides, a quantitative evaluation of the territorial areas covered and the number of target subjects involved was done. Furthermore the accuracy and efficiency of the model was assessed. Chi square, regression and trend analysis were applied. Results: The attendants, and project targets, were teachers, parents, students, health professionals. The number of sessions performed from 2009 to 2014 increased exponentially. ??? The same holds for the number of attendants and visited schools???. The total number of scientific communications was 37; while … questionnaires and 1 model were validated. The number of community projects also increased and is presently …. The number of communication in the media (TV, radio and news papers also increased significantly. The territorial distribution shows a higher density of actions in the littoral regions with significantly lower values in the interior and southern regions. Conclusions: The present data are clear indicators of significant awareness raising, but future work must deal with measurement of impacts upon children/ adolescents sleep behaviors
- Headaches, sleep and academic success in adolescents.Publication . Pinto, Teresa Rebelo; Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Pinto, Helena Rebelo; Paiva, TeresaIntroduction and Objectives Sleep complaints often correlate with other health and social problems. During a national study about sleep habits in adolescents, we observed a very high frequency of headaches, so the aim of this work was to analyse what could be correlated with this complaint in terms of sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, academic success, age and gender. Materials and Methods We used a specific questionnaire that included Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Scale (CASQ) and other variables concerning sleep related habits, sleep complaints, health complaints and demographics. Teachers from 31 schools across Portugal collected data between January and April, 2012. We used SPSS to analyse data. Results The 6838 participants were between 12 and 22 years old, mean=14.97(1.99); 53.3% were females. From the whole sample, 53.8% (3671) students reported having headaches regularly. Those with a headache complaint slept less hours during weekdays (p=0.008) and more hours on weekends (p=0.045); they also had more daytime sleepiness (p=0.000), but showed no differences on academic success (p>0.050). As expected girls had more headaches than boys (p=0.000) and there were no differences across age, since all groups had high frequency of headaches (p=0.098). Conclusions These results suggest that in adolescents headaches are also related to sleep deprivation or sleep problems. In the future, we should pay more attention to headaches as a symptom of sleep problems and explore which factors may mediate the risk of academic failure in the presence of headaches. Furthermore, the high level of headaches in younger people across all age groups supports the need of early intervention.
- O modelo Sono Escolas aplicado ao estudo do sono na famíliaPublication . Pinto, Teresa Rebelo; Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Pinto, Helena Rebelo; Paiva, TeresaO Projeto Sono Escolas® constitui-se como uma ferramenta de referência na educação do Sono em Portugal. O modelo conceptual construído a partir da revisão da literatura, com contributos da Psicologia, tem suportado intervenções em todo o país numa perspectiva de Saúde Pública, prevenção, bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Os maus hábitos e a privação de sono têm sido relacionados com alterações ao nível do humor, memória, raciocínio, desenvolvimento e saúde em geral. Porém, o sono nos contextos familiares tem sido pouco estudado, embora se reconheça a importância da família na adoção de comportamentos de risco noutras áreas da saúde. Pretende-se com este trabalho desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação que, de acordo com o modelo conceptual do Projeto Sono Escolas, permitam estudar os hábitos de sono da família, contribuindo para um melhor conhecimento científico sobre o assunto. Para o efeito, foram desenvolvidos 2 questionários semelhantes para pais e filhos sobre o sono dos filhos, de acordo com as dimensões do modelo conceptual – hábitos de sono, fatores ambientais e fatores pessoais. Realizou-se um estudo piloto com 75 alunos do 9º ano de escolaridade e 25 pais, respetivamente, de uma escola em Coimbra. A consistência interna global é bastante adequada, com alphas de Cronbach de .67 no questionário dos pais e de .73 no questionários dos filhos. Por sua vez, a correlação dos resultados obtidos entre pais e filhos, para o global da escala, não é estatisticamente significativa (rsp=-.219, p=.293), indicando a inexistência de uma relação entre a auto perceção do sono, e perceção que os pais têm acerca do sono dos seus filhos. Foi ainda analisada a distribuição dos itens pelas dimensões que constituem o modelo, a partir de uma análise fatorial exploratória ao questionário dos filhos. Retiram-se implicações acerca da pertinência modelo original do Projeto Sono Escolas® na evolução do estudo do sono nas famílias, bem como, da relevância da Psicologia para o estudo do Sono, sobretudo na criação de instrumentos adequados. Por fim, a diferença de percepção entre pais e filhos sobre o sono dos filhos traz implicações numa perspectiva de intervenção comunitária ou clínica na promoção da saúde e bem-estar.
- Perceções de hábitos de sono na família: estudo psicométrico do Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire e do Sleep Self Report para crianças portuguesasPublication . Loureiro, Helena Cristina; Pinto, Teresa Rebelo; Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Pinto, Helena Rebelo; Paiva, TeresaEste estudo tem o seu foco numa metodologia de avaliação do sono das crianças, a partir da perceção de pais e filhos. Para o efeito, são apresentados e discutidos os resultados da avaliação das qualidades métricas do Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) e do Sleep Self Report (SSR) para crianças portuguesas. Utiliza-se uma amostra comunitária constituída por 574 pais e 306 crianças (Idade: M=8.26; DP=6.12), e uma amostra clínica constituída por 60 pais e 30 crianças (Idade: M=8.73; DP=1.14). O CSHQ-PT apresenta resultados médios entre 43.83 (DP=6.12) e 53.99 (DP=10.43), e níveis de consistência interna entre .77 e .86, para as amostras comunitária e clínica respetivamente, e níveis fiabilidade teste-reteste de .80, na amostra comunitária. A curva ROC apresenta um ponto de corte de 44 (81% sensibilidade; 64% especificidade). O SSR-PT apresenta resultados médios entre 34.93 (DP=5.71) e 39.87 (DP=7.81), e níveis de consistência interna entre .70 e .81, para as amostras comunitária e clínica respetivamente, e níveis fiabilidade teste-reteste de .75, na amostra comunitária. A comparação entre as amostras indicou diferenças estatisticamente significativas em ambos os instrumentos (CSHQ-PT: z=-7.91, p=.000; SSR-PT: (z=-3.34, p=0.001), a favor da amostra clínica. Verificaram-se também correlações estatisticamente significativas entre pais e filhos em 14 itens na amostra comunitária, e 12 itens na amostra clínica. Estes resultados evidenciam a robustez desta metodologia de avaliação na identificação de problemas de sono em crianças portuguesas em idade escolar.
- Sleep habits, personal factors and environmental factors: a three-dimensional sleep model for Portuguese adolescentsPublication . Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Pinto, Teresa Rebelo; Pinto, Helena Rebelo; Paiva, TeresaObjectives: This study characterizes sleep’s adolescents considering habits, self-perceptions, and knowledge, explores the factors that underline their self-perceptions, and proposes a model to an integrative approach of sleep as framework of future researches and interventions. Methods: Participated 400 students (54.8% girls 45.3% boys), with a mean age of 15.33 years, attending the 9th and 11th grades, of two schools in Lisbon. They were assessed by the Questionnaire About Sleep for Adolescents (Rebelo-Pinto, 2010), which addresses 18 questions about sleep habits and routines, 5 about self-perceptions, and 20 about knowledge. Results: Quantitative results focused on: i) sleep duration, regularity and autonomy, verifying a marked irregularity in rise (4h04) and bedtime (2h18) hours, or total sleep time (2h06) comparing week and weekend; ii) on organization and functionality of the room and eating habits, whereas the main causes attributed to insufficient sleep are “noises in the room”, “watch TV until late”, and “being at the internet for hours”; and, iii) factors of cognitive and emotional nature such as knowledge and concerns, since the majority deemed to have “average” (45.5%) and “good” (23.0%) knowledge. From the qualitative exploration of self-perceptions, emerged in the environmental factors the daily activities in relation with sleep, and in the personal factors the knowledge and problems related to sleep. Conclusions: Results raised the possibility of developing a proposal for a three-dimensional model about sleep that addresses sleep habits, personal factors and environmental factors, and that can be used as a generator matrix of objectives for clinical and educational interventions.
- O sono em adolescentes portugueses: proposta de um modelo tridimensionalPublication . Pinto, Teresa Rebelo; Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Rebelo Pinto, Helena; Paiva, TeresaO sono é uma necessidade básica que influencia e é simultaneamente influenciada pela diversidade de atividades, papéis e contextos de vida, assumindo particular importância nos adolescentes. Apresenta-se um estudo com 400 alunos do 9º e 11º anos de escolaridade, de duas escolas da região de Lisboa, avaliados através do Questionário Sobre Sono para Adolescentes - QSSA. Os resultados quantitativos da caracterização do sono incidiram sobre hábitos, auto perceções e conhecimentos. Da exploração qualitativa dos fatores invocados por uma subamostra de 100 adolescentes como fundamento das suas auto perceções, emergiram as categorias de qualidade, importância e atitudes. Com base nestes resultados, propõe-se um modelo tridimensional acerca do sono dos adolescentes que contempla hábitos de sono, fatores pessoais e fatores ambientais.
- Validation of the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Sleep Self Report for portuguese childrenPublication . Loureiro, Helena Cristina; Pinto, Teresa Rebelo; Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Pinto, Helena Rebelo; Paiva, TeresaThis study provides validation of the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Sleep Self Report (SSR) for Portuguese children, using community and clinical samples. The community sample included 574 parents, who fulfilled the CSHQ-PT, and 306 children (Age: M = 8.26; SD = 0.92) who answered the SSR-PT. The clinical sample included 60 parents, who filled the CSHQ-PT, and 30 children (Age: M = 8.73; SD = 1.14) who answered the SSR-PT. Concerning the CSHQ-PT, the community sample showed a total mean score of 43.83 (SD = 6.12), an internal consistency of 0.77, a test-retest reliability of 0.80, and the clinical sample showed a total mean score of 53.99 (SD = 10.43), and an internal consistency of 0.86. Comparisons between the community and clinical samples indicate statistical significant differences (z = -7.91, p =.000). A Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (ROC) indicated a cut-off total score of 44 (sensitivity of 81%; specificity of 64%). Concerning the SSR-PT, the community sample showed a total mean score of 34.93 (SD = 5.71), internal consistency of 0.70, and the test-retest reliability of 0.75, and the clinical sample showed a total mean score of 39.87 (SD = 7.81), and internal consistency of 0.81. Comparisons between samples indicate statistical significant differences (z = -3.34, p = 0.001). Correlations between parents and children were statistically significant in 14 items of the community sample, and in 12 items of the clinical sample (in a total of 16 items). These results demonstrate that both questionnaires have good psychometric properties, and consistently differentiate the community and clinical samples. In accordance, they can be useful in screening sleep disturbances and habits in Portuguese school-aged children.