Browsing by Author "Lopes, Carla"
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- Associação entre a composição corporal em crianças até aos 36 meses e a dos progenitores: EPACI Portugal 2012Publication . Nazareth, Margarida; Pinto, Elisabete; Lopes, Carla; Graça, Pedro; Rego, Carla
- Consumo alimentar em crianças de 1-3 anos de idade: EPACI Portugal 2012Publication . Moreira, Teresa; Severo, Milton; Pinto, Elisabete; Nazareth, Margarida; Graça, Pedro; Rêgo, Carla; Lopes, Carla
- Determinantes da selecção do alimento com o qual se inicia a diversificação alimentar: resultados do EPACI Portugal 2012Publication . Pinto, Elisabete; Nazareth, Margarida; Lopes, Carla; Graça, Pedro; Rego, Carla
- Eating out of home in Portugal: characterization and effects on dietary intakePublication . Silva, Mariana; Rodrigues, Sara S.P.; Correia, Daniela; Rei, Mariana; Severo, Milton; Costa, Ana Isabel A.; Torres, Duarte; Lopes, CarlaThis cross-sectional study aims to describe and compare energy, nutrient intake, and food consumption according to eating location and by age groups using data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015/2016). Dietary intake was estimated by two non-consecutive days of food diaries (children)/24-hour recalls (other age groups) and four eating location categories were defined according to the proportion of meals consumed at out of home locations: Home (at least 80% of meals at home), Other Homes, School or Work and Restaurants and Other Places. The majority of meals (69.1%) were consumed at home. Meals were also often taken at school by children and adolescents, and in restaurants and similar outlets by adults and elderly. Children and adolescents in the School or Work category ate more fruit, vegetables and pulses and cereals and starchy tubers, whereas adults in this category ate more red and processed meats, sugar sweetened beverages and sweets. Compared to Home category, Restaurants and Other Places was associated with worse diet adequacies among children (β=-1.0; 95%CI=-2.0,-0.04), adolescents: (β=-2.4; 95%CI=-3.2,-1.5) and adults (β=-1.3; 95%CI=-1.6,-1.0) reflecting higher intakes of energy, fat, trans and saturated fatty acids, and sodium. The elderly consumed more free sugars and fat when eating out of home in general. Overall, findings reflect important variation in nutrient profiles by eating location, with meals taken at school or work contributing to higher consumption of nutrient-dense foods and those taken in restaurants and other similar settings implying higher consumption of energy-dense foods.
- Factors associated with the consumption of voluntarily fortified foods with micronutrients by the Portuguese populationPublication . Pimenta-Martins, Ana; Correia, Daniela; Carvalho, Catarina; Lopes, Carla; Gomes, Ana Maria; Torres, DuarteThis study aimed to identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with the consumption of voluntarily fortified foods with micronutrients (Mn-FF) by the Portuguese population, using data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016). Food consumption, sociodemographic and other health-related factors, and physical activity data were computerised using the You Eat & Move e-platform. Foods consumed by participants and labelled foods reported as consumed were included in the database. Mn-FF were considered all foods containing added micronutrients legally authorised, and MN-FF users were those who consumed at least one Mn-FF on at least one of the dietary recall days. Approximately 57% of the population consumed at least one Mn-FF. Children and adolescents consumed significantly more Mn-FF than older age groups. The primary contributors to Mn-FF consumption were breakfast cereals and fat spreads. Being a child (female OR 2.07 [95% CI: 1.52, 2.83]; male OR 4.80 [95% CI: 3.23, 7.14]) or adolescent (female OR 1.62 [95% CI: 1.78, 2.22]; male OR 4.59 [95% CI: 3.26, 6.47]), having a higher level of education (female OR 1.52 [95% CI: 1.17, 1.99]; male OR 1.85 [95% CI: 1.42, 2.42]) and engaging in regular physical activity (female OR 1.31 [95% CI: 1.09, 1.58]; male OR 1.36 [95% CI: 1.11, 1.68]) were factors positively associated with Mn-FF consumption. Conversely, obesity (female OR 0.76 [95% CI: 0.60, 0.96]), living in predominantly rural areas (male OR 0.70 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.91]) and eating fewer mid-meals per day (female OR 0.60 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.76]; male OR 0.64 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.84]) were associated with lower Mn-FF consumption. Younger age, higher education and physical activity practice were positively associated with Mn-FF consumption. These findings provide important insights on priority factors to be considered when deciding on nutrient fortification policies from both public health and food industry perspectives.
- Folate and folic acid in the periconceptional period: recommendations from official health organizations in 36 countries worldwide and WHOPublication . Gomes, Sandra; Lopes, Carla; Pinto, ElisabeteObjective: To summarize the recommendations on folate intake and folic acid supplementation and fortification in the periconceptional period, aimed at prevention of neural tube defects (NTD), provided by official health organizations in different countries worldwide and WHO. Design: Information on recommendations for folate and folic acid intake in the periconceptional period was gathered from the websites of official national health organizations of several countries worldwide and from the WHO website. Setting: WHO, selected developed countries and emerging economies, totalling thirty-six countries worldwide (some European, BRICS, G8, Asian Tiger/Asian Dragon and Australia). Results: Recommendations differ between countries, although the majority (69·4 %) recommend a healthy diet plus a folic acid supplement of 400 μg/d from preconception (4–12 weeks) until the end of the first trimester of pregnancy (8–12 weeks). The same recommendation is issued by the WHO. Dosages for women at high risk of NTD are up to 4–5 mg/d (for 41·7 % of studied countries). The recommended intake for folate is in the range of 300–400 μg/d for women of childbearing age and 500–600 μg/d for pregnant women in different countries and WHO. Five countries emphasize the importance of a healthy diet rendering supplementation needless. By contrast, five others advise a healthy diet and supplementation plus mandatory fortification. Only one mentions the importance of ensuring an adequate folate status and refers to checking with a health-care provider on the need for supplements. Conclusions: Different recommendations regarding folate and folic acid, seeking NTD prevention, are available worldwide; however, most countries and WHO focus on a healthy diet and folic acid supplementation of 400 μg/d periconceptionally.
- Prevalence of nutritional inadequacy in children aged 12–36 months: EPACI Portugal 2012Publication . Nazareth, Margarida; Pinto, Elisabete; Severo, Milton; Graça, Pedro; Lopes, Carla; Rêgo, CarlaAdequate nutritional intake in the first years of life is crucial for future health. The purpose of this study is to assess the adequacy of nutritional intake in Portuguese toddlers. The EPACI Portugal 2012 is a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of toddlers (n = 2230), aged between 12 and 36 months. Data on diets were collected by trained interviewers. The current analysis included 853 children with full data from 3-day food diaries completed by parents/caregivers. Intakes of energy, macro- and micronutrients were estimated through Statistical Program to Assess Dietary Exposure (SPADE). Nutritional adequacy was evaluated using Dietary Reference Values established by the European Food Safety Authority. A large proportion of children exceeded the recommended energy intake. The median daily protein intake was 4.7 g/kg/day, five times more than that recommended. About 9% and 90% of the children consumed a lower proportion of energy than the lower limit of the Reference Intake range for carbohydrates and fat, respectively. Around a third consumed less fibre and magnesium and 100% less vitamin D than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). Almost a third consumed less vitamin A than the recommended Average Requirement (AR) and 86% of the children showed excessive sodium consumption. Portuguese toddlers consumed a low proportion of energy from fat, had energy and protein intakes above the recommendations and excessive intakes of sodium, and inadequate intakes of vitamin A. Every child consumed less than the recommended AI for vitamin D.
- Recomendações de diferentes países do mundo e Organização Mundial de Saúde para a ingestão de folato e suplementação em ácido fólico no período periconcepcionalPublication . Gomes, Sandra Silva; Lopes, Carla; Pinto, ElisabeteIntrodução: A suplementação em ácido fólico no período periconcepcional está associada à redução do risco de Defeitos do Tubo Neural. Mas em muitos casos esta suplementação ocorre após o período desejado, tornando-se de reduzida eficácia, ao contrário da fortificação de alimentos. Contudo, novas preocupações surgiram sobre potenciais efeitos adversos (mãe, filho e população) decorrentes da suplementação com elevadas doses e da fortificação. Relativamente à alimentação, quer o padrão alimentar como os métodos culinários condicionam as quantidades de folato ingeridas, sendo o padrão dito saudável mais rico neste nutrimento. Objectivos: Sistematizar as recomendações oficiais de ingestão de folato e de ácido fólico no período periconcepcional, veiculadas por organizações nacionais de saúde de diferentes países e pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Metodologia: Análise descritiva dos dados recolhidos a partir dos websites de organizações nacionais de saúde de 36 países (25 europeus – 22 União Europeia; 4 BRICS; 3 Tigres Asiáticos; G8; Austrália) e da Organização Mundial de Saúde, relativamente às recomendações de ingestão de folato e ácido fólico no período periconcepcional. Resultados: As recomendações diferem entre países, contudo a maioria (67%) recomenda alimentação saudável e suplementação de 400µg/dia ácido fólico antes da concepção (4- 12 semanas) até ao primeiro trimestre gravidez (8-12 semanas). O UL mencionado (44%) é de 1 mg/dia e as dosagens para mulheres de elevado risco de Defeitos do Tubo Neural são 4-5mg/dia (42%). A dose diária recomendada para a ingestão de folato, reportada pelos diferentes países, varia entre: 300(D-A-CH)-400(IOM,NNR) µg/dia para mulheres em idade fértil e 500(NNR)-550(- D-A-CH)-600(IOM) µg/dia para grávidas. Alguns países (14%) enfatizam a importância da alimentação saudável sem necessidade de suplementação. Por oposição, outros (11%) aconselham suplementação acrescida de fortificação obrigatória. Um único país menciona a importância dos níveis sanguíneos de folato (sérico e eritrocitário) e remete para o médico a decisão de suplementação, numa tentativa de personalização (considerada a intervenção ideal). Em Portugal, as recomendações são omissas relativamente à alimentação e dosagem, embora sejam apenas comercializados suplementos 5mg. Conclusões: As recomendações para redução do risco de Defeitos do Tubo Neural, em diferentes partes do mundo, incidem predominantemente na alimentação saudável e suplementação 400μg/dia ácido fólico no período periconcepcional. Em Portugal apenas são comercializados suplementos com elevadas doses. São necessárias recomendações mais completas em Portugal, para redução de riscos: Defeitos do Tubo Neural e efeitos adversos na mãe e no filho.
- Suplementação vitamínica e mineral em Portugal durante o primeiro ano de vida. resultados do EPACI Portugal 2012Publication . Rego, Carla; Nazareth, Margarida; Lopes, Carla; Graça, Pedro; Pinto, ElisabeteIntroduction: Adequate nutritional status is essential for health, growth and development. Practices regarding vitamin and mineral supplementation in Portuguese infants are unknown. The objectives were to characterise vitamin and mineral supplementation practices and to quantify their association with social, demographic and health- -related factors, in a representative national sample. Methods: From the EPACI Portugal 2012 study protocol, a questionnaire that included, among others, retrospective information reporting supplementation during the first year of life was applied in the presence of the caregivers of 2232 children (aged 12-36 months). Results: A total of 68.3% of Portuguese infants receive vitamin D supplements; 16.6%, 24.0% and 4.5% receive supplements of iron, vitamin C and fluoride, respectively. Living in the North region (except for fluoride) and followed simultaneously by a paediatrician and a general practitioner is associated with a significantly higher frequency of supplementation. Being followed only by a general practitioner increases the risk of non-supplementation with vitamin D and iron in 23% and 45%, respectively. Prematurity is associated with iron and multivitamin supplementation. Children whose mothers have higher education level or are married or live in a de facto union are more often supplemented with vitamin D. Discussion: Only two-thirds of Portuguese infants receive vitamin D supplements, a sixth receive iron supplements and a quarter receive vitamin C supplements. Fluoride supplementation is uncommon, and multi-vitamin supplementation is strongly associated with prematurity. Socioeconomic factors, the usual health care provider and the geographical area of residence seem to be associated, in Portugal, with the prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplementation during the first year of life.
- The outdoor nature, indoors: relationship between contact with nature, life satisfaction and affect during a COVID-19 pandemic lockdownPublication . Almeida, Inês; Lopes, Carla; Pedroso, Rita; Gaspar, RuiThe COVID-19 pandemic led to national lockdown measures, implying individuals’ household confinement, constraining active contact with outdoor nature, with potential associated mental health consequences. Hence, this cross-sectional correlational design study with 310 participants examined the relationship between self-reported measures of variety and intensity of indoor/outdoor activities involving contact with nature, life satisfaction and affect during the first nationwide lockdown in Portugal in 2020. Results showed a positive weak association between indoor activity intensity and positive affect, and between reported indoor mental recreation of contact with nature and negative affect. Actual indoor contact with nature was positively associated with life satisfaction and positive affect. Individuals without a variety of contact with indoor nature reported lower life satisfaction than those with high variety. Indoor contact with nature seemed particularly important for well-being during lockdown. During prolonged household confinement, mental health and well-being could be promoted through outdoor contact but indoor alternatives should also be considered.