Browsing by Author "Carvalho, Ana Sofia"
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- Abordagem ética ao uso de antibióticos em cuidados paliativos: revisão sistemática de literaturaPublication . Pereira, Sandra Martins; Brandão, Patrícia Joana de Sá; Araújo, Joana; Carvalho, Ana Sofia; Hernández-Marrero, Pablo
- A água e a éticaPublication . Araújo, Joana; Carvalho, Ana Sofia; Renaud, Michel
- Are portuguese healthcare professionals willing to hasten death at a patient´s request? A vignette-survey study in palliative care congresses in PortugalPublication . Pereira, Sandra Martins; Carvalho, Ana Sofia; Hernández-Marrero, Pablo
- Are the ethics procedures reported in clinical dementia research in palliative care sound? results from a scoping reviewPublication . Hernández-Marrero, Pablo; Pereira, Sandra Martins; Araújo, Joana; Carvalho, Ana Sofia
- Between scientists and public: reframing public participation in science through bioethicsPublication . Carvalho, Mónica; Carvalho, Ana Sofia; Araújo, Joana; Brites, MartaDiscourses and techniques about the relationship between science and the public have remarkably developed in the past four decades. Science communication has become an important issue for the scientific governance. Public confidence in science, decision-making and support to democracy have changed the predominance of a top-down communication model, from scientists to public, to a more participative one – the Public Engagement with Science (PES). The Institute of Bioethics at Portuguese Catholic University, in Oporto, is doing research in the role of science in society issues and the aim of this paper is to discuss the relevance of Bioethics to improve PES. The bioethical issues seem to draw people‟s attention to certain scientific facts, confronting them with the consequences of science and improving their skills in deliberating on scientific issues. Moreover, ethics influences the way one understands public engagement, „scientific citizenship‟ or „science governance‟. The role of ethics is not to re-edit the old fashionable deficit perspective which usually focuses on the impact of science and technology from the perspective of non-experts. Ethics is a theoretical and practical reference for changing the science-making in the near future, and it makes us consider the public as playing a more important role than that of mere spectators with lack of scientific knowledge or with emotional concerns. The ethical reflection could redefine the non-experts place in the context of science, involving people with science, making them not simply aware of scientific issues but also involved in the process of decision-making. On the other hand, bioethics can also contribute to the participation of scientists in the ethical reflection that takes place outside the labs, broadening their role as citizen scientists.
- Bioethical education on deliberation: the views of a novelPublication . Araújo, Joana; Magalhães, Susana; Carvalho, Ana SofiaEthics is the study of the moral basis of human behavior that aims to determine the best course of action. Bioethics, as a transdisciplinary area, based both on ethics and on life sciences, reflects upon the ethical problems raised by new technologies and scientific research. One of the main tools to tackle bioethical problems is deliberation, a procedure that attempts to analyse problems, weighing up the principles and values involved as well as the context of each case. Due to the complexity of deliberation, educational projects should be promoted, providing the practice necessary for correct deliberation and raising awareness of the current ethical issues. It is our purpose to present a framework for ethical deliberation throughout the use of literature. Literary texts are essential, since they show human beings acting in space and time and they give the readers an opportunity to deliberate on ethical issues. Based on a literary text, we will reflect upon a controversial ethical issue - Preimplantion Genetic Diagnosis (PGD).
- Bioethics education on deliberation - a view of a novel: Blue Gold, by Clive CusslerPublication . Magalhães, Susana; Araújo, Joana; Carvalho, Ana SofiaBioethics education on deliberation - a view of a novel: Blue Gold, by Clive Cussler (Article presented at the conference Bioethics Education: Contents, Methods, Trends, Zefat, Israel, May 2-5, 2010) Authors: Susana Magalhães* (researcher), Joana Araújo (researcher), Ana Sofia Carvalho (Head of the Institute of Bioethics) Research Centre of Bioethics, Institute of Bioethics, Portuguese Catholic University Bioethics education on deliberation - a view of a novel: Blue Gold, by Clive Cussler Since the focus of Bioethics is the bridge between Humanities and the Life Sciences and bearing in mind that this bridge is often difficult to build, those who believe that this dialogue is important in our days should promote it through Education. By educating in Bioethics it is possible to improve the participation of the citizens in debates on the ethical issues raised by new technologies and scientific research. It is our conviction that literary texts are laboratories of ethical judgment, where the ethical questions concerning specific scientific/technological issues are addressed in an imaginary world. Therefore our purpose is to present a framework for ethical deliberation through the use of literature. Fiction allows us to “practise” ethical decision making, by focusing on the particular cases of the characters of the story and by checking how the principles / theories working at the background apply to the narrated cases.
- Bioethics education on deliberation - a view of a novel: Blue Gold, by Clive CusslerPublication . Magalhães, Susana; Araújo, Joana; Carvalho, Ana SofiaSince the focus of Bioethics is the bridge between Humanities and the Life Sciences and bearing in mind that this bridge is often difficult to build, those who believe that this dialogue is important in our days should promote it through Education. By educating in Bioethics it is possible to improve the participation of the citizens in debates on the ethical issues raised by new technologies and scientific research. It is our conviction that literary texts are laboratories of ethical judgment, where the ethical questions concerning specific scientific/technological issues are addressed in an imaginary world. Therefore our purpose is to present a framework for ethical deliberation through the use of literature. Fiction allows us to “practise” ethical decision making, by focusing on the particular cases of the characters of the story and by checking how the principles / theories working at the background apply to the narrated cases.
- Boa ética e boa ciência: o percurso da investigação em células estaminaisPublication . Carvalho, Ana SofiaVivemos numa época de importante viragem no paradigma da relação entre a ética e ciência. O hiato temporal entre as descobertas científicas e a concomitante reflexão ética desvanece-se progressivamente; a ética, ou talvez mais correctamente a bioética, encontrou o seu ritmo. Aquilo que se designa actualmente de bioética das situações emergentes (clonagem, células estaminais, terapia génica, diagnóstico genético pré-implantatório) tem contribuído de forma marcante para esta viragem. Hoje, a ciência vai acontecendo e a bioética vai reflectindo; reflectindo sobre as possibilidades, equacionado os riscos, avançando propostas que, sem serem científicas, imprimem matizes importantes no ritmo do desenvolvimento científico. No presente texto, através do percurso da investigação em células estaminais, tentaremos analisar de que modo a bioética é, ou pode ser, um desafio aos limites. Com este exemplo tentaremos ilustrar como o facto de se trazer, por parte da ética, ao debate dúvidas e desafios científicos de modo a resolver objecções ou incertezas éticas se tornou num saudável exercício de boa ética e boa ciência. Talvez se deva saudar esta evolução como promissora do futuro relacionamento entre ética e investigação, comprovado o estímulo (e não o bloqueio) que a bioética pode trazer à reflexão sobre os limites.
- Burnout em médicos e enfermeiros: estudo quantitativo e multicêntrico em unidades de cuidados paliativos em PortugalPublication . Pereira, Sandra Martins; Teixeira, Carla Margarida; Ribeiro, Orquídea; Hernández-Marrero, Pablo; Fonseca, António M.; Carvalho, Ana SofiaTheoretical Framework: Systematic contact with death is considered a risk factor for burnout in health, particularly for doctors and nurses who develop their professional activity in palliative care. Objectives: To study the syndrome of burnout in these professionals in Portugal. Methodology: A multicenter quantitative survey study. Results: Out of 142 professionals, 88 returned the completed questionnaire; of these, only 3% were in burnout and 13% at high risk of developing this syndrome. Professing a religion (p=.005) and having post-graduate education/training in palliative care (p=.011) were significantly and inversely associated with burnout. Conflicts with other professionals (p=.012) were significantly associated with developing this syndrome. Conclusion: Although the percentage of professionals with high levels of burnout in palliative care is low, there are risk factors that can be optimized to promote a higher well-being state among professionals.