Browsing by Author "Barbosa, Mariana Reis"
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- Bringing together psychology and peace: a critique towards the emancipatory potential of peace psychologyPublication . Soares, Mónica Catarina Pereira; Caetano, Ana Margarida Sá; Barbosa, Mariana ReisHistorically, psychology has been deeply associated with the defense and active normalization of conflicts, war, and established social orders. For instance, it is well-known that one of the most important grounds for the legitimacy of psychology as a scientific discipline depended on psychologists’ work done during the First and Second World Wars. At those times, and perhaps in a culturally biased way, psychological tests for military selection and practical models to treat war-related problems were widely employed. Psychology gained a practical terrain for professionalization for both clinical and social psychologists within such context. However, psychology has also been used on behalf of emancipation, and not always in the field of conflicts, war, and oppression. One of the most interesting critical movements which has tried to move psychology into an emancipatory realm has been Peace Psychology. In general, this discipline has been open to framing, discussing, and participating actively in interventions developed in the name of peace and human rights. In accordance, in this paper, we seek to capture a) the historical development of peace psychology; b) the establishment of peace psychology as a field of psychology and of peace studies; and c) some reflections upon the omnipresent challenges and possible co-options that may shape the emblematic critical engagement of this discipline.
- Creating mindful heroes: a case study with ninth grade studentsPublication . Nogueira, Inês; Barbosa, Mariana Reis; Ribeiro, Luísa Mota; Xenophontos, Ioanna; Zimbardo, PhilipThe Heroic Imagination Project (HIP) aims to redefine heroism as a set of habits that anyone can achieve. Research findings on the psychological foundations of negative forms of social influence that can lead to bystander behavior are translated into tools that individuals can use in their daily lives. Habits of wise and effective helping behavior are learned, modeled, and encouraged through the training of the “heroic imagination.” According to the literature, practicing mindfulness can increase empathy, compassion, and prosocial behaviors. There is empirical evidence that compassion can act as a mediator between mindfulness and prosocial helping behaviors toward strangers, suggesting that mindfulness promotes this behavior and thus helps to overcome the bystander effect. With this hypothesis in mind, we created a program that combined mindfulness and HIP sessions. Five participants volunteered to participate in the “Creating Mindful Heroes” 9-week program. Throughout the sessions, they filled in a diary, and at the end of the program, they answered two feedback questionnaires. They were then invited to participate in individual interviews. The participants reported a positive overall perspective regarding the program, mentioning several improvements in their relationships with their family, peers, and others in society. Moreover, participants reported that the program promoted prosocial behaviors and aided them in developing empathy.
- Entre a maioridade penal e a menoridade civil: perspetivas de profissionais da área da JustiçaPublication . Silva, Tiago; Barbosa, Mariana Reis; Matos, Raquel; Fernandes, Raquel VeludoO presente estudo tem por objetivo examinar as perceções de profissionais que traba-lham na área da justiça, relativamente à aplicação da medida de prisão preventiva a jovens com idade inferior a 18 anos. Para esse efeito, 17 profissionais foram entrevistados. A análise dos dados revelou que a medida de prisão preventiva pode, na perspetiva dos profissionais, constituir-se como um fator positivo quando é considerada a segurança da sociedade; porém, pode constituir-se como um fator negativo quando somente o jovem ofensor é considerado. lém do mais, a medida de prisão preventiva parece carretar consequências negativas a longo prazo, quer para o jovem quer para a sociedade
- "From street soldiers to political soldiers": assessing how extreme right violence has been criminalised in PortugalPublication . Silva, Raquel da; Ventura, João Paulo; Carvalho, Cátia Moreira de; Barbosa, Mariana ReisHistorical evidence points to the fact that extreme right-wing (ERW) violence has not always been prosecuted under terrorism legislation, but under various other criminal statutes. In Portugal, since the regulation of terrorism in the general Criminal Code in 1982, which was then replaced by counterterrorism (CT) legislation in 2003, there have been five terrorism convictions. However, none was related to ERW violence, despite the existence of numerous ideologically motivated crimes committed by groups and individuals occupying this side of the political spectrum. In this study, we aim to understand the reasons behind such penal selectivity in contemporary Portugal by comparing two legal files: the first case sentenced according to the Portuguese CT Law, whose defendant was a Spanish national, and member of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA); and the first case of ERW violence sentenced after the introduction of the Portuguese CT Law, in which 36 alleged skinheads were sentenced for racial discrimination and incitement to hatred and violence, as expressed in section 240 of the Portuguese Criminal Code. We discuss how the Portuguese case can contribute to the international debate regarding the criminalisation of ideologically motivated violence.
- Prosocial tendencies measure validation for Portuguese late adolescentsPublication . Costa, Marisa; Barbosa, Mariana Reis; Veríssimo, Lurdes; Ribeiro, Luísa Mota; Nunes, Sara; Carlo, GustavoO Questionário de Tendências Prossociais (MTP) de Carlo e Randall (2002) é amplamente usado para avaliar tendências prossociais. Partindo do pressuposto de que existem diferenças no comportamento pró-social entre adolescentes e adultos, o presente estudo teve como objetivo validar a versão em português do MTP com uma amostra de adolescentes. Este instrumento avalia seis tipos diferentes de tendências prossociais: altruísta, anónima, emergência, emocional, complacente e pública. Desenhado para confirmar esta estrutura fatorial do MTP com adolescentes portugueses, este estudo recolheu as perceções de um total de 1313 adolescentes a frequentar o ensino secundário. A análise fatorial confirmatória corroborou a estrutura de seis fatores da validação original. Além disso, considerando o ano escolar e o género dos alunos, a análise de invariância foi executada e atestou a invariância configural, métrica (parcialmente para género) e escalar (parcialmente para ano escolar e género) do MTP. Estes resultados demonstram ainda que a versão portuguesa MTP é confiável, aumentando a utilidade deste instrumento para avaliar comportamentos prossociais na adolescência.
- PROTOCOL: Psychosocial processes and intervention strategies behind islamist deradicalisation: A scoping reviewPublication . Carvalho, Cátia de; Pinto, Isabel Rocha; Azevedo, Luís Filipe; Guerreiro, Alexandre; Ramos, João Pedro; Barbosa, Mariana Reis; Pinto, Marta