Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2020-01-01"
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- Antecedents and consequences of collective psychological ownership: the validation of a conceptual modelPublication . Giordano, Ana Paula; Patient, David; Passos, Ana Margarida; Sguera, FrancescoWe investigate team member feelings of collective psychological ownership (CPO) over teamwork products, the psychological paths that lead to it, and its impact on team workers' evaluations of team effectiveness, turnover intentions, and intentions to champion teamwork products. We focus on the teamwork product as an important target of ownership feelings, building on theories of self-extension, psychological ownership, and team emergent states. In Study 1, we validate measures for three ownership activating experiences (OAE) that have been proposed as paths to CPO (control over, intimate knowledge regarding, and investment in the teamwork product) using two samples of individual team workers (n = 210 and n = 140). In Study 2 (n = 183) and Study 3 (n = 200), we use surveys and a multiwave design to show that team workers' feelings of CPO mediate the relationship between investment in and intimate knowledge regarding the product and team effectiveness evaluations, team turnover intentions, and intentions to champion the work product. In Study 4 (n = 48 teams), CPO was predicted by the ownership activating experiences, at the team level. This research additionally highlights the benefits to organizations of creating conditions for the emergence of employee feelings of shared ownership over teamwork products.
- When external design and marketing collaborate to develop new products: a typology of patternsPublication . Hemonnet-Goujot, Aurélie; Abecassis-Moedas, Céline; Manceau, DelphineWith the rise of open innovation, external design is increasingly called upon, especially by marketing. However, the research on collaboration between external design and marketing in the new product development (NPD) process is still in progress. While the literature suggests that resorting to external design is a means to increase product innovativeness, not all products developed in such a way are innovative. Furthermore, the sources of design expertise are diverse and the strategies that firms use to manage them remain unclear. Thus, this paper aims to identify and analyze the various collaboration patterns between external design and marketing in the NPD process and especially how such patterns affect new product innovativeness. Building on seven case studies, this research proposes a typology of three collaboration patterns between external design and marketing in the NPD process. The first category develops a pattern of collaboration with a strong marketing lead that relies on customer-based designers. The second depicts collaboration with a strong design lead that relies on process-based designers. In the third categorization, a co-branding pattern through collaboration with star-based designers is developed. Theoretical and managerial implications are presented along with the challenges in the complexity of finding the right balance between product innovativeness and brand consistency.
- The global, regional, and national burden of stomach cancer in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017Publication . GBD 2017 Stomach Cancer Collaborators; Fernandes, João C.Background: Stomach cancer is a major health problem in many countries. Understanding the current burden of stomach cancer and the differential trends across various locations is essential for formulating effective preventive strategies. We report on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to stomach cancer in 195 countries and territories from 21 regions between 1990 and 2017. Methods: Estimates from GBD 2017 were used to analyse the incidence, mortality, and DALYs due to stomach cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. The rates were standardised to the GBD world population and reported per 100 000 population as age-standardised incidence rates, age-standardised death rates, and age-standardised DALY rates. All estimates were generated with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings: In 2017, more than 1·22 million (95% UI 1·19–1·25) incident cases of stomach cancer occurred worldwide, and nearly 865 000 people (848 000–885 000) died of stomach cancer, contributing to 19·1 million (18·7–19·6) DALYs. The highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017 were seen in the high-income Asia Pacific (29·5, 28·2–31·0 per 100 000 population) and east Asia (28·6, 27·3–30·0 per 100 000 population) regions, with nearly half of the global incident cases occurring in China. Compared with 1990, in 2017 more than 356 000 more incident cases of stomach cancer were estimated, leading to nearly 96 000 more deaths. Despite the increase in absolute numbers, the worldwide age-standardised rates of stomach cancer (incidence, deaths, and DALYs) have declined since 1990. The drop in the disease burden was associated with improved Socio-demographic Index. Globally, 38·2% (21·1–57·8) of the age-standardised DALYs were attributable to high-sodium diet in both sexes combined, and 24·5% (20·0–28·9) of the age-standardised DALYs were attributable to smoking in males. Interpretation: Our findings provide insight into the changing burden of stomach cancer, which is useful in planning local strategies and monitoring their progress. To this end, specific local strategies should be tailored to each country's risk factor profile. Beyond the current decline in age-standardised incidence and death rates, a decrease in the absolute number of cases and deaths will be possible if the burden in east Asia, where currently almost half of the incident cases and deaths occur, is further reduced. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- Multi-needs for multi-screening: practices, motivations, and attention distributionPublication . Dias, Patrícia; Serrano-Puche, JavierMulti-screening is an emergent but fast-growing and fast-changing practice, evolving along with the technologies that mediate it. This article presents a study on multi-screening, i.e., simultaneously or sequentially engaging with more than one screened-media. Based on the uses and gratifications theory, our study focused on the most common multi-screening scenario—engaging with the smartphone while watching TV—in order to explore triggers, motivations, gratifications, and attention distribution. The methodology is qualitative in nature, including ethnographic journals and follow-up interviews to a sample of 30 young adults, and the data was collected in Portugal and Spain. The activities performed on each device are usually disconnected and motivated by the need to enhance the entertainment afforded by the TV or to obtain a sense of efficiency. The attention is distributed in alternated periods, and the smartphone has a greater ability of demanding attention and retaining the engagement.
- SalivaPrint as a non-invasive diagnostic toolPublication . Esteves, Eduardo; Cruz, Igor; Esteves, Ana Cristina; Barros, Marlene; Rosa, NunoCurrently, the molecular diagnosis is based on the quantification of RNA, proteins and metabolites because they present changes in their quantity related to clinical situations. The same molecules are not generally suitable for early diagnosis or to follow clinical evolution, making necessary strategies to evaluate the complete molecular scenario. There are already experimental strategies that allow the determination of total protein profiles from saliva samples (the SalivaPrint). The goal of this work is to identify a profile of saliva proteins (similar to a fingerprint) and, using computational methods, identify how this profiles changes with age and gender. So far it has been possible to collect 79 samples as well as the metadata associated with each sample using an electronic questionnaire developed by us. A total protein profile was obtained and their association with gender was verified using statistical methods. Currently we are developing the Python scripts for automatic data acquiring and normalization. Total protein profiles annotation on a database (SalivaPrintDB) and their integration with the factors that affects them using machine learning strategies can empower the use of the approach proposed on this work as a tool for monitoring the individual's health status.
- Bringing together psychology and peace: a critique towards the emancipatory potential of peace psychologyPublication . Soares, Mónica Catarina Pereira; Caetano, Ana Margarida Sá; Barbosa, Mariana ReisHistorically, psychology has been deeply associated with the defense and active normalization of conflicts, war, and established social orders. For instance, it is well-known that one of the most important grounds for the legitimacy of psychology as a scientific discipline depended on psychologists’ work done during the First and Second World Wars. At those times, and perhaps in a culturally biased way, psychological tests for military selection and practical models to treat war-related problems were widely employed. Psychology gained a practical terrain for professionalization for both clinical and social psychologists within such context. However, psychology has also been used on behalf of emancipation, and not always in the field of conflicts, war, and oppression. One of the most interesting critical movements which has tried to move psychology into an emancipatory realm has been Peace Psychology. In general, this discipline has been open to framing, discussing, and participating actively in interventions developed in the name of peace and human rights. In accordance, in this paper, we seek to capture a) the historical development of peace psychology; b) the establishment of peace psychology as a field of psychology and of peace studies; and c) some reflections upon the omnipresent challenges and possible co-options that may shape the emblematic critical engagement of this discipline.
- Apresentação do dossiê Catolicismo na época moderna: cultura, sociabilidades e territóriosPublication . Abreu, Adélio Fernando; Leal, Luís
- The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017Publication . GBD 2017 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborators; Fernandes, João C.Background: The burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally, with substantial variation in levels and trends of disease in different countries and regions. Understanding these geographical differences is crucial for formulating effective strategies for preventing and treating IBD. We report the prevalence, mortality, and overall burden of IBD in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017, based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017. Methods: We modelled mortality due to IBD using a standard Cause of Death Ensemble model including data mainly from vital registrations. To estimate the non-fatal burden, we used data presented in primary studies, hospital discharges, and claims data, and used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to ensure consistency between measures. Mortality, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated. All of the estimates were reported as numbers and rates per 100 000 population, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). Findings: In 2017, there were 6·8 million (95% UI 6·4–7·3) cases of IBD globally. The age-standardised prevalence rate increased from 79·5 (75·9–83·5) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 84·3 (79·2–89·9) per 100 000 population in 2017. The age-standardised death rate decreased from 0·61 (0·55–0·69) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 0·51 (0·42–0·54) per 100 000 population in 2017. At the GBD regional level, the highest age-standardised prevalence rate in 2017 occurred in high-income North America (422·0 [398·7–446·1] per 100 000) and the lowest age-standardised prevalence rates were observed in the Caribbean (6·7 [6·3–7·2] per 100 000 population). High Socio-demographic Index (SDI) locations had the highest age-standardised prevalence rate, while low SDI regions had the lowest age-standardised prevalence rate. At the national level, the USA had the highest age-standardised prevalence rate (464·5 [438·6–490·9] per 100 000 population), followed by the UK (449·6 [420·6–481·6] per 100 000). Vanuatu had the highest age-standardised death rate in 2017 (1·8 [0·8–3·2] per 100 000 population) and Singapore had the lowest (0·08 [0·06–0·14] per 100 000 population). The total YLDs attributed to IBD almost doubled over the study period, from 0·56 million (0·39–0·77) in 1990 to 1·02 million (0·71–1·38) in 2017. The age-standardised rate of DALYs decreased from 26·5 (21·0–33·0) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 23·2 (19·1–27·8) per 100 000 population in 2017. Interpretation: The prevalence of IBD increased substantially in many regions from 1990 to 2017, which might pose a substantial social and economic burden on governments and health systems in the coming years. Our findings can be useful for policy makers developing strategies to tackle IBD, including the education of specialised personnel to address the burden of this complex disease. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
- A phygital approach to cultural heritage: augmented reality at RegaleiraPublication . Andrade, José Gabriel; Dias, PatriciaIn the last two decades, contemporary society has been conceptualized and discussed around the assumption that digital technologies are its most defining feature. Jean Baudrillard's take on the Fable of Borges suggests a replacement of the physical world by a virtual experiencing life, setting the tone for a pessimistic and somewhat fearful attitude towards technological development. On the verge of the dissemination of disruptive innovations that can be described under the "umbrella" of Internet of Things (IoT), we observe not a replacement, but a deep and complex intertwining of online and offline experiences, sketching the contours of what can become a phygital society. This alternative conceptualization of our contemporary society, combined with the possibilities of technological development, provides new opportunities for the expression and experiencing of culture, and also for the creative industries. In our research, we explore the impact of one augmented reality (AR) app designed for one of the landmarks of Portuguese cultural heritage, Quinta da Regaleira. We explore this unique case study using qualitative data collection techniques, aiming to discuss the positive and negative outcomes of this innovation, both for the dynamization of cultural heritage, and for visitors. The article provides useful information for heritage spaces that wish to follow this path. It describes the main steps to be taken in the production of content and provides examples of the narrative model that helps people to visit the space and obtain information, knowing stories relevant to the past and present of the cultural heritage. The objective is to clarify, finally, due to the research developed in the Quinta da Regaleira case study, what kind of stories and experiences can be narrated, the strengths of this application, its limitations, and paths for future investigations.