Browsing by Author "Barbosa, Fernando"
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- Effects of impulsivity and emotions on time perception: laboratory behavioral measuresPublication . Moreira, Diana; Azeredo, Andreia; Leite, Ângela; Barbosa, FernandoImpulsivity is consistently linked to various problematic behaviors, including aggression, substance abuse, pathological gambling, risky driving, and numerous psychopathological disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and personality disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-reported impulsivity, measured by the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales, and emotional states (pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral), in the context of time estimation deviations. A time estimation task was administered to 129 adult participants (88 females) from the community to assess this deviation. The findings reveal that participants underestimated time across all emotional conditions, enhancing our understanding of how impulsivity relates to time perception. Therefore, it is crucial to continue neuropsychophysiological research on impulsivity to explore its causes, manifestations, and connections with other aspects of cognitive and affective functioning. This research will lead to a more precise definition and comprehensive understanding of impulsive behavior.
- Efficacy of ICT-based neurocognitive rehabilitation programs for acquired brain injury: a systematic review on Its assessment methodsPublication . Geraldo, Andreia; Dores, Artemisa R.; Coelho, Bárbara; Ramião, Eduarda; Castro-Caldas, Alexandre; Barbosa, FernandoThis systematic review aims to analyze the methods used in the assessment of the efficacy of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Programs (NRP) based on Information and Communication Technologies in patients with Acquired Brain Injury, namely platforms and online rehabilitation programs. Studies with the main purpose of evaluating the efficacy of those programs were retrieved from multiple literature databases, accordingly to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion and analysis of the studies followed preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) and Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. Thirty-one studies were included in this review. Results showed that most studies used a pre-post methodological design, with few studies performing assessment moments during intervention or follow-up. Attention, memory, and executive functions were the cognitive variables considered by a larger number of studies at the assessment of NRP efficacy. Despite that, there is a growing evidence on the inclusion of variables related to everyday functioning in this process, increasing its ecological validity. Concerning the instruments used, the studies presented a large heterogeneity of the instruments and methods used, even for the same assessment purpose, highlighting a lack of consensus regarding assessment protocol. Psychophysiological and neuroimaging techniques are seldom used on this field. This review identifies the main characteristics of the methodology used at the assessment of NRP and potential limitations, providing useful information to guide the practice of the health care professionals in rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Injury. It also suggests new directions for future studies.
- Impacto de um programa holístico de reabilitação neuropsicológica na qualidade de vida de pessoas com lesão cerebral adquiridaPublication . Almeida, Ana; Guerreiro, Sandra; Martins-Rocha, Benedita; Dores, Artemisa Rocha; Vicente, Selene G.; Barbosa, Fernando; Castro-Caldas, AlexandreA reabilitação após lesão cerebral adquirida (LCA) pretende aumentar a funcionalidade do indivíduo, promovendo a sua Qualidade de Vida (QdV). O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o impacto de um programa holístico de reabilitação neuropsicológica (PHRN) nas dimensões da QdV. Participaram 20 pessoas com LCA, média de idades 30 anos (DP = 7.62). Os participantes foram avaliados pré e pós intervenção, com intervalo de seis meses, utilizando-se o Quality of Life After Brain Injury (QOLIBRI). Para a análise usamos o t-test para amostras emparelhadas, com p corrigido para comparações múltiplas. Verificam-se resultados significativos após a intervenção em todas as dimensões: total [t(19) = -4.59, p < .001], cognitiva [t(19) = -2.31, p = .003], self [t(19) =-5.76, p < .001], AVD (atividades de vida diária) [t(19) = -3.18, p = .001], social [t(19) = -1.29, p = .001], emocional [t(19) = -1.85, p = .001], com exceção da dimensão físico [t(19) = -1.78, p = .01]. Os resultados sugerem que a intervenção com o PHRN promove a QdV das pessoas com LCA.
- Meta-analytic evidence for a reversal learning effect on the Iowa gambling task in older adultsPublication . Pasion, Rita; Gonçalves, Ana R.; Fernandes, Carina; Ferreira-Santos, Fernando; Barbosa, Fernando; Marques-Teixeira, JoãoIowa Gambling Task (IGT) is one of the most widely used tools to assess economic decision-making. However, the research tradition on aging and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) has been mainly focused on the overall performance of older adults in relation to younger or clinical groups, remaining unclear whether older adults are capable of learning along the task. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine older adults' decision-making on the IGT, to test the effects of aging on reversal learning (45 studies) and to provide normative data on total and block net scores (55 studies). From the accumulated empirical evidence, we found an average total net score of 7.55 (+/- 25.9). We also observed a significant reversal learning effect along the blocks of the IGT, indicating that older adults inhibit the prepotent response toward immediately attractive options associated with high losses, in favor of initially less attractive options associated with long-run profit. During block 1, decisions of older adults led to a negative gambling net score, reflecting the expected initial pattern of risk-taking. However, the shift toward more safe options occurred between block 2 (small-to-medium effect size) and blocks 3, 4, 5 (medium-to-large effect size). These main findings highlight that older adults are able to move from the initial uncertainty, when the possible outcomes are unknown, to decisions based on risk, when the outcomes are learned and may be used to guide future adaptive decision-making.
- Psychometric properties of the Portuguese teacher-version of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in PreschoolersPublication . Figueiredo, Patrícia; Ramião, Eduarda; Moreira, Diana; Barroso, Ricardo; Barbosa, FernandoSeveral authors suggest that Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits may be useful in identifying adolescents who exhibit initial, severe, chronic, and aggressive conduct problems. The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to assess these traits, later associated with psychopathy, in children and adolescents. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the teacher-report ICU for preschool-age children. The sample was collected in public schools and comprised the responses of 46 preschool teachers concerning 131 children (62 girls) between 3 and 6 years of age. Results indicate that a two-factor model revealed the best fit to our data, including a Callous and an Uncaring factor, resorting to 12 of the original 24 items. Additionally, the results of this study also provide evidence of measurement invariance across sex for the ICU, allowing us to compare mean levels of CU traits between boys and girls. The results of the present study showed that the Portuguese version of the ICU scale (teacher’s version) seems reliable and valid for evaluating CU traits in preschool children.
- Realidade virtual na reabilitação: por que sim e por que não? uma revisão sistemáticaPublication . Dores, Artemisa R.; Barbosa, Fernando; Marques, António; Carvalho, Irene P.; Sousa, Liliana de; Castro-Caldas, AlexandreO processo de reabilitação, independentemente da área de saúde a que se refere, continua a ser um desafio para profissionais, pacientes e suas famílias. Na tentativa de superar as limitações das intervenções tradicionais, a tecnologia de Realidade Virtual (RV) tem sido aplicada de forma crescente à reabilitação e começa a fornecer importantes ferramentas que, contudo, geram debate e posicionamentos divergentes. Com o objetivo de investigar quais os contributos da RV aplicada ao domínio da reabilitação, nomeadamente em termos das vantagens e limitações que comporta, o presente estudo procede a uma revisão sistemática da produção científica nesta área e apresenta um modelo que permite, de modo hierarquizado, descrever e sistematizar a natureza dos estudos revistos e as principais temáticas abordadas. A revisão sistemática focou-se sobre trabalhos científicos indexados, até novembro de 2010, na base de dados ISI Web of Knowledge. Os trabalhos incluídos foram analisados por dois investigadores independentes no programa NVivo 9 e o modelo desenvolvido aplicado à recodificação do material em análise. Foram identificados 963 artigos, dos quais, aplicados os critérios de exclusão, 288 títulos e resumos foram analisados. O modelo desenvolvido indica, como categorias centrais da bibliografia: Tipo de Artigo (Empírico; Teórico); Contextualização do Projeto; Tipo de Abordagem (Tecnologia Assistiva; Realidade Aumentada; Abordagens Tradicionais; Realidade Virtual). Esta última categoria (RV) foi decomposta de forma exaustiva para documentação da sua aplicabilidade, efeitos e tendências futuras. Como vantagens da RV, surgem: a possibilidade de sua aplicação a uma diversidade de domínios, funções cognitivas, comportamentos, doenças neurológicas e incapacidades físicas; as suas características e respetivas consequências; e a possibilidade de superar limitações das intervenções tradicionais. Do lado das limitações aparecem discutidos: os efeitos secundários da RV, as causas das limitações e precauções sugeridas. Os resultados evidenciam tendências promissoras acerca da utilização da tecnologia de RV no domínio da reabilitação, com implicações para a forma como será realizada no futuro. Sugerem ainda a necessidade de dar continuidade aos trabalhos que procuram avaliar a aplicabilidade da RV na reabilitação em geral e na reabilitação (neuro) cognitiva em particular.