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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Nascer prematuramente não é um acontecimento natural para o ser humano.
Os nascimentos prematuros, embora sejam em número minoritário do total de nados-vivos, representam uma fração dos problemas perinatais do país, responsáveis por cerca de 50% dos óbitos neonatais e de parte significativa de futuros cidadãos com sequelas.
Pretendeu-se, com esta investigação, alicerçada no Modelo de Adaptação de Roy (Irmã Callista Roy), determinar os efeitos no recém-nascido prematuro, da modificação do ambiente sonoro, ao qual ele está submetido, aquando do internamento numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais.
Desenvolveu-se um Estudo Experimental mais concretamente um Estudo Aleatório Controlado (pré e pós-teste) em que se observou o efeito de sons maternos gravados, no recém-nascido prematuro, em comparação com o efeito dos sons habituais inerentes ás unidades de cuidados neonatais. De acordo com os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão pré-definidos, foram selecionados recém-nascidos entre as 26 e as 33 semanas de gestação, internados no Serviço de Neonatologia-nível III num hospital do Norte de Portugal. Efetuou-se a randomização de dezoito recém-nascidos, sendo colocados nove no Grupo Experimental e nove no Grupo Controlo.
Os resultados evidenciaram que os dois grupos revelaram-se homogéneos na sua caracterização, não apresentando diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Em relação ás variáveis analisadas: frequência cardíaca; frequência respiratória; pulso; saturação de O2; episódios cardiorrespiratórios; peso; comprimento e perímetro cefálico, verificou-se, que em termos médios, ao longo do estudo, houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos. Os valores médios das variáveis analisadas distanciaram-se, observando-se diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos. Evidenciou-se neste estudo, a importância da estimulação auditiva com sons maternos na diminuição dos episódios de apneias e bradicardias nos recém-nascidos prematuros assim como na estabilização da frequência cardíaca e respiratória.
Poderemos concluir que a modificação da estimulação sensorial auditiva através de sons maternos tem implicações positivas no desenvolvimento dos recém-nascidos prematuros, pelo que é de extrema importância continuar a investigação e possivelmente estender-se a outras unidades similares.
Being born prematurely is not a natural event for the human being. Preterm births, although a minority of the total number of live births, account for a fraction of the country's perinatal problems, accounting for about 50 percent of neonatal deaths and a significant proportion of future citizens with sequelae. Based on the Adaptation Model of Roy (Sister Callista Roy), this study aimed to determine the effects of the influence of the modification of the sound environment on the preterm newborn during hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.An Experimental Study, more specifically a Controlled Randomized Study (pre- and post-test), was conducted in which the effect of recorded maternal sounds was observed in preterm infants in relation to the effect of habitual sounds inherent to neonatal care units. There were selected, according to pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, preterm newborns between 26 and 33 weeks of gestation, admitted to the Neonatal Service Level - III of a hospital in the North of Portugal, eighteen newborns were randomized, nine in the experimental group and nine in the control group. The results showed that the two groups did not present statistically significant differences in their characterization, being homogeneous. Regarding the variables analyzed: heart rate; respiratory frequency; pulse; oxygen saturation; cardiorespiratory events; weight; length and cephalic perimeter, it was observed that, on average, during the observation in the study, there were significant differences between the two groups. During the study, it was verified that the mean values of the variables analyzed distanced themselves, with significant differences between the two groups. Checking the results obtained, the importance of hearing stimulation with maternal sounds was demonstrated in the reduction of episodes of apnea and bradycardia in preterm newborns, as well as in the stabilization of heart and respiratory rate. It can be concluded that the modification of sensorial auditory stimulation through maternal sounds has positive implications for the development of premature infants, so it is extremely important to continue the investigation and possibly extend to other similar units.
Being born prematurely is not a natural event for the human being. Preterm births, although a minority of the total number of live births, account for a fraction of the country's perinatal problems, accounting for about 50 percent of neonatal deaths and a significant proportion of future citizens with sequelae. Based on the Adaptation Model of Roy (Sister Callista Roy), this study aimed to determine the effects of the influence of the modification of the sound environment on the preterm newborn during hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.An Experimental Study, more specifically a Controlled Randomized Study (pre- and post-test), was conducted in which the effect of recorded maternal sounds was observed in preterm infants in relation to the effect of habitual sounds inherent to neonatal care units. There were selected, according to pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, preterm newborns between 26 and 33 weeks of gestation, admitted to the Neonatal Service Level - III of a hospital in the North of Portugal, eighteen newborns were randomized, nine in the experimental group and nine in the control group. The results showed that the two groups did not present statistically significant differences in their characterization, being homogeneous. Regarding the variables analyzed: heart rate; respiratory frequency; pulse; oxygen saturation; cardiorespiratory events; weight; length and cephalic perimeter, it was observed that, on average, during the observation in the study, there were significant differences between the two groups. During the study, it was verified that the mean values of the variables analyzed distanced themselves, with significant differences between the two groups. Checking the results obtained, the importance of hearing stimulation with maternal sounds was demonstrated in the reduction of episodes of apnea and bradycardia in preterm newborns, as well as in the stabilization of heart and respiratory rate. It can be concluded that the modification of sensorial auditory stimulation through maternal sounds has positive implications for the development of premature infants, so it is extremely important to continue the investigation and possibly extend to other similar units.
Description
Keywords
Recém-nascido prematuro Estimulação auditiva Premature infant Auditory stimulation