Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A diabetes surge como um dos problemas de saúde pública de elevada magnitude do
século XXI pela estreita relação entre envelhecimento, urbanismo e estilo de vida. Como se
trata de uma Doença metabólica crónica, a diabetes requer uma reconfiguração do estilo de
vida e participação ativa da pessoa na gestão da doença, apresentando inúmeras
repercussões na saúde mental da pessoa, quer pela sua permanência, quer ainda, pelos
necessários reajustes no quotidiano, conduzindo a situações de sofrimento mental. Dimensões
como a espiritualidade e religiosidade têm sido consideradas importantes na gestão de
circunstâncias que conduzam a sofrimento mental. O presente estudo procurou analisar a
relação entre espiritualidade e o bem-estar religioso e a relação ao bem-estar psicológico e
saúde mental numa amostra de sujeitos com diabetes tipo 2. O objetivo principal foi explorar o
modo como o bem-estar espiritual e a religiosidade podem ser fatores protetores do bem-estar
psicológico e da saúde mental da pessoa com diabetes tipo 2. Metodologia: Realizámos um
estudo transversal e correlacional de caráter quantitativo numa amostra de 294 indivíduos
diagnosticados com diabetes tipo 2. Identificámos as características sociodemográficas e
clínicas dos participantes e avaliámos as dimensões: bem-estar espiritual, religiosidade, saúde
mental e bem-estar psicológico; instrumentos de medida: Escala de avaliação do Bem-estar
espiritual (Gomez e Fisher, 2003); Índice de religiosidade da Universidade Duke (Koenig, H.G.;
Meador, K.G.; Parkerson, G., 1997); Mental Health Inventory (Veit e Ware, 1983); Escalas do
Bem-estar psicológico (Ryff, C. e Keyes, 1995). Resultados: O bem-estar espiritual revelou-se
significativo para o incremento do bem-estar psicológico e da saúde mental. A religiosidade
correlacionou-se de forma menos evidente mas negativa com o bem-estar psicológico e com a
saúde mental. Evidenciou-se, ainda uma correlação positiva entre o bem-estar psicológico e a
saúde mental. Os resultados foram, globalmente, favoráveis à validade (convergente e
discriminante) dos quatro instrumentos; a análise fatorial confirmatória permitiu indicar
elementos para aperfeiçoamento das escalas e corroborou a sua estrutura multidimensional.
Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que o bem-estar espiritual tem um impacto positivo na
saúde mental e no bem-estar psicológico. De forma algo inesperada, nesta amostra, a
religiosidade tendeu a relacionar-se de forma inversa com os dois últimos constructos, o que
suscita várias interpretações. Apesar das limitações, o presente estudo sugere claramente que
o bem-estar espiritual da pessoa com diabetes tipo 2 pode ter um papel importante em termos
de promoção de saúde e adaptação à doença. A intervenção do profissional de saúde na
potenciação de estratégias conducentes ao bem-estar espiritual deverá ser objeto de
investigação adicional.
Diabetes emerges as one of the public health problems of high magnitude of the twentyfirst century by the close relationship between aging, urbanization and lifestyle. Since this is a chronic metabolic disease, diabetes requires a reconfiguration of lifestyle and the active participation of people in managing the disease which has numerous effects on the mental health of the person, either because of its necessary permanency or because of the adjustments in everyday life which lead to mental suffering situations. Dimensions such as spirituality and religiosity have been considered important in the management of conditions leading to mental suffering. This study analyzes the relationship between spirituality and religious well-being and the relationship to psychological well-being and mental health in a type 2 diabetic sample. The main objective was to explore how the spiritual well-being and religiosity may be protective factors for the psychological well-being and mental health of a person with type 2. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and correlational study of quantitative character in a sample of 294 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes was identified the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and evaluated the following dimensions: spiritual well-being, religion, mental health and psychological wellbeing; measuring instruments: Rating scale of spiritual well-being (Gomez and Fisher, 2003); Religiosity index Duke University (Koenig, HG; Meador, KG; Parkerson, G., 1997); Mental Health Inventory (Veit and Ware, 1983); Scales of Psychological well-being (Ryff, C. and Keyes, 1995). Results: The spiritual well-being proved significant for enhancing psychological well-being and mental health. Religiosity correlated less evidently although negatively with psychological well-being and mental health. It was also evident, even a positive correlation between psychological well-being and mental health. The results were overall favorable to the validity (convergent and discriminant) of the four instruments; the confirmatory factor analysis indicated elements for improving scales and confirmed its multidimensional structure. Conclusions: These results suggest that the spiritual welfare has a positive impact on mental health and psychological well-being. Somewhat unexpectedly, in this sample, religiosity tended to relate inversely with the last two constructs, which raises various interpretations. Despite the limitations, this study clearly suggests that the spiritual welfare of people with type 2 diabetes may have an important role in health promotion and adaptation to the disease. The intervention of the health professional in enhancing strategies conducive to spiritual well-being should be further investigated.
Diabetes emerges as one of the public health problems of high magnitude of the twentyfirst century by the close relationship between aging, urbanization and lifestyle. Since this is a chronic metabolic disease, diabetes requires a reconfiguration of lifestyle and the active participation of people in managing the disease which has numerous effects on the mental health of the person, either because of its necessary permanency or because of the adjustments in everyday life which lead to mental suffering situations. Dimensions such as spirituality and religiosity have been considered important in the management of conditions leading to mental suffering. This study analyzes the relationship between spirituality and religious well-being and the relationship to psychological well-being and mental health in a type 2 diabetic sample. The main objective was to explore how the spiritual well-being and religiosity may be protective factors for the psychological well-being and mental health of a person with type 2. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and correlational study of quantitative character in a sample of 294 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes was identified the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and evaluated the following dimensions: spiritual well-being, religion, mental health and psychological wellbeing; measuring instruments: Rating scale of spiritual well-being (Gomez and Fisher, 2003); Religiosity index Duke University (Koenig, HG; Meador, KG; Parkerson, G., 1997); Mental Health Inventory (Veit and Ware, 1983); Scales of Psychological well-being (Ryff, C. and Keyes, 1995). Results: The spiritual well-being proved significant for enhancing psychological well-being and mental health. Religiosity correlated less evidently although negatively with psychological well-being and mental health. It was also evident, even a positive correlation between psychological well-being and mental health. The results were overall favorable to the validity (convergent and discriminant) of the four instruments; the confirmatory factor analysis indicated elements for improving scales and confirmed its multidimensional structure. Conclusions: These results suggest that the spiritual welfare has a positive impact on mental health and psychological well-being. Somewhat unexpectedly, in this sample, religiosity tended to relate inversely with the last two constructs, which raises various interpretations. Despite the limitations, this study clearly suggests that the spiritual welfare of people with type 2 diabetes may have an important role in health promotion and adaptation to the disease. The intervention of the health professional in enhancing strategies conducive to spiritual well-being should be further investigated.
Description
Keywords
Diabetes tipo 2 Religiosidade Espiritualidade Bem-estar espiritual Bem estar psicológico Saúde mental Type 2 diabetes Religiosity Spirituality Spiritual well-being Psychological well-being Mental health