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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
São vários os diferentes enquadramentos legais que podem envolver uma criança ou jovem
e que se traduzem em diferentes tipos de intervenções que merecem a devida atenção: a
intervenção tutelar educativa a que podem ser sujeitos os menores entre os 12 e os 16 anos,
enquanto agentes de factos qualificados pela lei como crime, que nos remete de imediato para
o fenómeno da delinquência juvenil; a intervenção de promoção e proteção acionada perante os
menores que estejam em situação de perigo e que necessitam de proteção; e a intervenção penal
junto de jovens adultos entre os 16 anos e os 21 anos que praticam crimes.
No passado, a pretensão de separar menores delinquentes e menores em perigo conduziu à
consagração de modelos de intervenção diferenciada, nomeadamente, a intervenção tutelar e a
intervenção de proteção. Contudo, a necessidade de diferenciar duas intervenções que
prosseguem diferentes finalidades não é absoluta e, frequentemente, há a necessidade da sua
articulação e união perante um propósito comum, a concretização dos superiores interesses do
menor.
Além disso, uma articulação semelhante pode ter que existir entre a intervenção tutelar e a
intervenção penal a ter lugar junto de jovens adultos entre os 16 e os 21 anos de idade. Apesar
de a partir dos 16 anos de idade, um jovem já poder ser responsabilizado penalmente, isso não
afasta a possibilidade de lhe serem aplicadas medidas tutelares por crimes praticados antes dos
16 anos, o que leva a uma interação entre a intervenção tutelar e a intervenção penal no que diz
respeito à categoria dos jovens adultos que deve ser analisada.
Através da comparação destes três sistemas interventivos que compõe o dispositivo
normativo do Direito de menores em Portugal, é possível concluir que apesar de serem
diferentes, por vezes terão que coexistir, dada a sobreposição das suas fronteiras.
There are several different legal contexts that can involve a child or young person and that translate into different types of interventions that deserve due attention: educational tutelary intervention to which minors between 12 and 16 years may be subject, as agents of facts qualified by law as crime, which immediately brings us to the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency; promotion and protection intervention activated for minors who are in danger and who need protection; and criminal intervention for young adults between the ages of 16 and 21, who commit crimes. In the past, the intention to separate delinquent minors and endangered minors led to the consecration of differentiated intervention models, namely, educational tutelary intervention and protection intervention. However, the need to differentiate two interventions that pursue different purposes is not absolute and frequently there is a need for their articulation and union for a common purpose, which is the materialization of the best interests of the minor. Furthermore, a similar articulation may have to exist between tutelary intervention and penal intervention towards young adults between 16 and 21 years of age. Although from the age of 16, a young person can already be held criminally responsible, this does not rule out the possibility of applying tutelary measures for crimes committed before the age of 16, which leads to an interaction between the tutelary intervention and the criminal intervention in relation to the category of young adults that should be analyzed. From the comparison of these three intervention systems that make up the normative device of the Law of Minors in Portugal, it is possible to conclude that despite being different, sometimes they will have to coexist, given the overlapping of their borders.
There are several different legal contexts that can involve a child or young person and that translate into different types of interventions that deserve due attention: educational tutelary intervention to which minors between 12 and 16 years may be subject, as agents of facts qualified by law as crime, which immediately brings us to the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency; promotion and protection intervention activated for minors who are in danger and who need protection; and criminal intervention for young adults between the ages of 16 and 21, who commit crimes. In the past, the intention to separate delinquent minors and endangered minors led to the consecration of differentiated intervention models, namely, educational tutelary intervention and protection intervention. However, the need to differentiate two interventions that pursue different purposes is not absolute and frequently there is a need for their articulation and union for a common purpose, which is the materialization of the best interests of the minor. Furthermore, a similar articulation may have to exist between tutelary intervention and penal intervention towards young adults between 16 and 21 years of age. Although from the age of 16, a young person can already be held criminally responsible, this does not rule out the possibility of applying tutelary measures for crimes committed before the age of 16, which leads to an interaction between the tutelary intervention and the criminal intervention in relation to the category of young adults that should be analyzed. From the comparison of these three intervention systems that make up the normative device of the Law of Minors in Portugal, it is possible to conclude that despite being different, sometimes they will have to coexist, given the overlapping of their borders.
Description
Keywords
Sistema de justiça juvenil Modelos de intervenção Menores em perigo Menores delinquentes Articulação Juvenile justice system Intervention models Minors in danger Juvenile delinquents Articulation