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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente, as doenças respiratórias são uma das principais causas de morbilidade e mortalidade em Portugal, em particular as doenças respiratórias crónicas. Um problema em saúde que afeta pessoas das mais variadas idades e que, quando não controlado, pode tornar-se incapacitante. Dentro das diferentes doenças respiratórias crónicas podemos destacar a asma e a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica. Em todo o mundo, a prevalência das doenças crónicas está a aumentar e em Portugal é considerado um problema de elevada magnitude. Desta forma, torna-se fundamental a implementação de modelos de gestão dos cuidados de saúde que deem resposta às necessidades reais da população. A gestão da doença crónica nem sempre é conseguida da melhor forma, levando a agudizações da doença, aumento da recorrência ao serviço de urgência e aumento do número de internamentos. É necessário a adoção de modelos coesos e centrados nas pessoas e nas suas necessidades. Assim, teremos utentes preparados, informados e motivados a trabalhar em conjunto com o seu profissional de saúde. O presente documento consiste num relatório de estágio final, para aquisição de competências relativas ao curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem com Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública, numa Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade, da zona norte de Portugal. Com o objetivo de identificar fenómenos, sensíveis aos cuidados de enfermagem, numa amostra de utentes com doença respiratória crónica que são utilizadores frequentes do Serviço de Urgência, foi realizado um diagnóstico de situação seguindo as linhas orientadoras do planeamento em saúde. Após a aplicação do formulário de recolha de dados e análise estatística, foram identificados 8 problemas. Os problemas foram priorizados e o que ocupou o lugar de destaque foi “Capacidade para gerir o regime medicamentoso comprometida”. Das diversas necessidades identificadas na amostra estudada, podemos destacar a capacidade para gerir o regime medicamentoso comprometida, a falta de adesão ao regime medicamentoso, dietético e de exercício, a falta de conhecimento sobre estratégias para controlar a falta de ar, a capacidade para executar a técnica inalatória comprometida e a falta de conhecimento sobre utilização dos serviços de saúde. Tendo em conta o diagnóstico identificado, foram sugeridas intervenções e os respetivos indicadores. Para além disto, foram construídas árvores de decisão diagnóstica, como uma ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisão dos enfermeiros.
Respiratory diseases are currently one of the biggest causes of morbidity and mortality in Portugal, specifically chronic respiratory diseases. This is a health problem that affects people of all ages and, when not controlled, can become disabling. Within the different chronic respiratory diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are prominent. The prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing all over the world, and particularly in Portugal, this is considered a highly concerning problem. Thus, it is necessary to implement healthcare management models that are able to respond to the population real needs. The management of the chronic disease is not always done in the best way, which leads to exacerbations of the disease, increasing use of the emergency services and increasing number of hospitalizations. It is crucial to adopt cohesive models focused on people and on their needs. Therefore, informed, prepared, and motivated patients will work together with their healthcare professional. This document consists of a final internship report for the acquisition of skills related to the master’s degree in Nursing with Specialization in Community and Public Health Nursing, in a Community Care Unit, in the north of Portugal. With the aim of identifying phenomena that are sensitive to nursing care, a situation diagnosis was carried out following the guidelines of a health planning, using a sample of patients with chronic respiratory disease and who are frequent users of the Emergency Service. After applying the data collection form and statistically analysing, 8 problems were identified. When these were prioritised, one problem stood out, which was - “Capacity to manage the compromised medication scheme". From the different needs identified in the analysed sample, it is possible to highlight these: ability to manage the compromised medication scheme; lack of adherence to the medication, diet, and exercise plan; lack of knowledge about strategies to control shortness of breath; ability to perform the compromised inhalation technique; unawareness about the use of healthcare services. Considering the identified diagnosis, specific interventions and their respective indicators were suggested. In addition, diagnostic decision trees were built as a tool to support nurses' decision-making.
Respiratory diseases are currently one of the biggest causes of morbidity and mortality in Portugal, specifically chronic respiratory diseases. This is a health problem that affects people of all ages and, when not controlled, can become disabling. Within the different chronic respiratory diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are prominent. The prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing all over the world, and particularly in Portugal, this is considered a highly concerning problem. Thus, it is necessary to implement healthcare management models that are able to respond to the population real needs. The management of the chronic disease is not always done in the best way, which leads to exacerbations of the disease, increasing use of the emergency services and increasing number of hospitalizations. It is crucial to adopt cohesive models focused on people and on their needs. Therefore, informed, prepared, and motivated patients will work together with their healthcare professional. This document consists of a final internship report for the acquisition of skills related to the master’s degree in Nursing with Specialization in Community and Public Health Nursing, in a Community Care Unit, in the north of Portugal. With the aim of identifying phenomena that are sensitive to nursing care, a situation diagnosis was carried out following the guidelines of a health planning, using a sample of patients with chronic respiratory disease and who are frequent users of the Emergency Service. After applying the data collection form and statistically analysing, 8 problems were identified. When these were prioritised, one problem stood out, which was - “Capacity to manage the compromised medication scheme". From the different needs identified in the analysed sample, it is possible to highlight these: ability to manage the compromised medication scheme; lack of adherence to the medication, diet, and exercise plan; lack of knowledge about strategies to control shortness of breath; ability to perform the compromised inhalation technique; unawareness about the use of healthcare services. Considering the identified diagnosis, specific interventions and their respective indicators were suggested. In addition, diagnostic decision trees were built as a tool to support nurses' decision-making.
Description
Keywords
Doente respiratório crónico Utilizadores frequentes do serviço de urgência Enfermagem comunitária Diagnóstico de situação Gestão do regime medicamentoso Chronic respiratory disease Frequent users of the emergency service Community nursing Situation diagnosis Medication scheme management