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Nos dias atuais ainda existem desigualdades fundamentais entre mulheres e homens na política, na saúde, no trabalho e na vida pessoal. A perceção destas desigualdades relacionadas com a felicidade têm sido foco de investigação devido à maior atenção e relevo que estes temas têm obtido nos últimos tempos. Pouco se sabe sobre as consequências do confronto entre sexismo e a felicidade das mulheres. Embora o mundo se tenha tornado mais igualitário em termos de género, as relações desiguais de género e a divisão do trabalho ainda persistem em muitas sociedades. Assim sendo, o presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a relação entre as atitudes perante os papéis de género, o sexismo ambivalente e a felicidade, na população portuguesa adulta. Foi utilizada uma abordagem metodológica quantitativa de natureza descritivocorrelacional e foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala de Felicidade Subjetiva, Escala de Atitudes Pacificas relativamente ao Género e o Inventário de Sexismo Ambivalente. A amostra foi constituída por 244 adultos de nacionalidade portuguesa com idades entre os 18 anos e 64 anos, tendo uma média de idades de 28.1 (DP=8.1), na generalidade solteiros (77.9%), no que toca à escolaridade, a maioria tem o ensino secundário (78.3%) e a maioria dos participantes é do sexo feminino (79.1%). Nos resultados verificou-se uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a Felicidade Subjetiva e o Sexismo Hostil (r= .172, p= .007), indicando que níveis mais elevados de Felicidade Subjetiva estão relacionados a atitudes mais hostis em relação ao género. Existe uma correlação estatisticamente significativa positiva entre a Felicidade subjetiva e o género da população adulta portuguesa (r= .152, p= .017) ou seja, os homens tendem a relatar níveis mais altos de felicidade subjetiva em comparação com as mulheres. Ademais, encontrou-se também uma correlação estatisticamente significativa negativa entre o género e a Divisão Tradicional (r= -.260 p= < .001) indicando que os participantes do género feminino tendem a ter atitudes mais tradicionais em relação aos papéis de género do que os participantes do género masculino. Estes resultados destacam a importância de perceber o que está associado à persistência de atitudes sexistas e destaca a necessidade contínua de educação e sensibilização sobre as questões de género.
Nowadays, there are still fundamental inequalities between women and men in politics, health, work and personal life. The perception of these inequalities related to happiness has been the focus of research due to the greater attention and importance that these topics have received in recent times. Little is known about the consequences of the confrontation between sexism and women's happiness. Although the world has become more gender equal, unequal gender relations and the division of labor still persist in many societies. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between attitudes towards gender roles, ambivalent sexism and happiness in the adult Portuguese population. A quantitative methodological approach of a descriptivecorrelational nature was used and the following instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Subjective Happiness Scale, Pacific Attitudes Scale towards Gender and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. The sample consisted of 244 adults of Portuguese nationality aged between 18 and 64, with an average age of 28.1 (SD=8.1), mostly single (77.9%), with regard to education, the majority have secondary education (78.3%) and the majority of participants are female (79.1%). The results revealed a statistically significant correlation between Subjective Happiness and Hostile Sexism (r= .172, p= .007), indicating that higher levels of Subjective Happiness are related to more hostile attitudes towards gender. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between Subjective Happiness and gender in the Portuguese adult population (r= .152, p= .017), that is, men tend to report higher levels of subjective happiness compared to women. Furthermore, a statistically significant negative correlation was also found between gender and Traditional Division (r= -.260 p= < .001) indicating that female participants tend to have more traditional attitudes towards gender roles than than male participants. These results highlight the importance of understanding what is associated with the persistence of sexist attitudes and highlight the continued need for education and awareness on gender issues.
Nowadays, there are still fundamental inequalities between women and men in politics, health, work and personal life. The perception of these inequalities related to happiness has been the focus of research due to the greater attention and importance that these topics have received in recent times. Little is known about the consequences of the confrontation between sexism and women's happiness. Although the world has become more gender equal, unequal gender relations and the division of labor still persist in many societies. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between attitudes towards gender roles, ambivalent sexism and happiness in the adult Portuguese population. A quantitative methodological approach of a descriptivecorrelational nature was used and the following instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Subjective Happiness Scale, Pacific Attitudes Scale towards Gender and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. The sample consisted of 244 adults of Portuguese nationality aged between 18 and 64, with an average age of 28.1 (SD=8.1), mostly single (77.9%), with regard to education, the majority have secondary education (78.3%) and the majority of participants are female (79.1%). The results revealed a statistically significant correlation between Subjective Happiness and Hostile Sexism (r= .172, p= .007), indicating that higher levels of Subjective Happiness are related to more hostile attitudes towards gender. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between Subjective Happiness and gender in the Portuguese adult population (r= .152, p= .017), that is, men tend to report higher levels of subjective happiness compared to women. Furthermore, a statistically significant negative correlation was also found between gender and Traditional Division (r= -.260 p= < .001) indicating that female participants tend to have more traditional attitudes towards gender roles than than male participants. These results highlight the importance of understanding what is associated with the persistence of sexist attitudes and highlight the continued need for education and awareness on gender issues.
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Keywords
Género Papéis de género Sexismo ambivalente Felicidade Gender Gender roles Ambivalent sexism Happiness