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Monitorização da doença periodontal através da quantificação de biomarcadores inflamatórios
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Introdução: A doença periodontal (DP) é uma inflamação crónica de origem multifatorial, desencadeada pela interação entre o biofilme bacteriano e a resposta imunoinflamatória do hospedeiro, caracterizada pela destruição progressiva dos tecidos de suporte dentário. Os métodos convencionais de diagnóstico baseiam-se principalmente na avaliação de alterações clínicas decorrentes de destruição tecidular já instalada, pelo que a identificação de biomarcadores inflamatórios poderá constituir uma ferramenta complementar na monitorização da atividade da doença e da resposta ao tratamento. Objetivo: Determinar o potencial dos biomarcadores inflamatórios (IL-1β e IL-8) como método complementar de monitorização da atividade da doença periodontal. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional longitudinal com 21 pacientes. O estudo incluiu recolha de saliva e biofilme, a recolha de dados sociodemográficos, de saúde oral e sistémica, e exame clínico intra-oral (sondagem periodontal, diagnóstico periodontal) em dois momentos distintos (T0 e T1). Posteriormente, as amostras de saliva foram analisadas no laboratório SalivaTec, onde foi efetuada a quantificação dos biomarcadores inflamatórios (IL-1β e IL-8) por RT-qPCR de um grupo <br/>representativo de 12 amostras. Resultados: A expressão génica de IL-1β e IL-8 apresentou elevada variabilidade interindividual. Observou-se uma tendência para níveis mais elevados de expressão de IL-1β em T0 relativamente a T1 na maioria dos participantes, enquanto IL-8 revelou um <br/>comportamento mais heterogéneo. Apesar da estabilidade global dos parâmetros clínicos periodontais entre os dois momentos, verificaram-se diferenças na expressão dos biomarcadores, sugerindo existência de alterações inflamatórias detetáveis a nível molecular. Conclusão: A quantificação da expressão génica de IL-1β e IL-8 demonstrou potencial como complemento à avaliação clínica da doença periodontal, permitindo identificar diferenças na resposta inflamatória não evidenciadas pelos parâmetros clínicos convencionais. Estudos futuros, com amostras de maior dimensão e avaliação complementar dos níveis proteicos destes biomarcadores, serão importantes para confirmar sua utilidade clínica.
Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory condition triggered by the interaction between the bacterial biofilm and the host immune-inflammatory response, characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Conventional diagnostic methods are primarily based on the assessment of clinical changes resulting from established tissue destruction. Therefore, the identification of inflammatory biomarkers may represent a complementary tool for monitoring disease activity and treatment response. Objective: To determine the potential of the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) as complementary tools for monitoring periodontal disease activity. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted involving 21 patients. The study included saliva and biofilm sample collection, collection of sociodemographic, oral health, and systemic health data, as well as intraoral clinical <br/>examinations (periodontal probing and periodontal diagnosis) at two time points (T0 and T1). Subsequently, saliva samples were analyzed at the SalivaTec laboratory, where the inflammatory biomarkers IL-1β and IL-8 were quantified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in a representative subset of 12 samples. Results: Gene expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 showed considerable interindividual <br/>variability. A trend toward higher IL-1β expression at T0 compared with T1 was observed in most participants, whereas IL-8 exhibited a more heterogeneous pattern. Despite the overall stability of clinical periodontal parameters between the two time points, differences in biomarker expression were detected, suggesting the presence of inflammatory changes at the molecular level that were not reflected in the conventional clinical assessment. Conclusion: Quantification of IL-1β and IL-8 gene expression demonstrated potential as a complementary approach to the clinical assessment of periodontal disease, enabling the identification of differences in the inflammatory response that were not detected by <br/>conventional clinical parameters. Future studies with larger sample sizes and complementary assessment of the protein levels of these biomarkers are warranted to confirm their clinical utility.
Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory condition triggered by the interaction between the bacterial biofilm and the host immune-inflammatory response, characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Conventional diagnostic methods are primarily based on the assessment of clinical changes resulting from established tissue destruction. Therefore, the identification of inflammatory biomarkers may represent a complementary tool for monitoring disease activity and treatment response. Objective: To determine the potential of the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) as complementary tools for monitoring periodontal disease activity. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted involving 21 patients. The study included saliva and biofilm sample collection, collection of sociodemographic, oral health, and systemic health data, as well as intraoral clinical <br/>examinations (periodontal probing and periodontal diagnosis) at two time points (T0 and T1). Subsequently, saliva samples were analyzed at the SalivaTec laboratory, where the inflammatory biomarkers IL-1β and IL-8 were quantified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in a representative subset of 12 samples. Results: Gene expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 showed considerable interindividual <br/>variability. A trend toward higher IL-1β expression at T0 compared with T1 was observed in most participants, whereas IL-8 exhibited a more heterogeneous pattern. Despite the overall stability of clinical periodontal parameters between the two time points, differences in biomarker expression were detected, suggesting the presence of inflammatory changes at the molecular level that were not reflected in the conventional clinical assessment. Conclusion: Quantification of IL-1β and IL-8 gene expression demonstrated potential as a complementary approach to the clinical assessment of periodontal disease, enabling the identification of differences in the inflammatory response that were not detected by <br/>conventional clinical parameters. Future studies with larger sample sizes and complementary assessment of the protein levels of these biomarkers are warranted to confirm their clinical utility.
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Palavras-chave
Doença periodontal Inflamação Saliva IL-1β IL-8 Periodontal disease Inflammation
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC