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Prevalência da fragilidade comunitária em dois distritos de Portugal : relação com adesão à dieta mediterrânica e qualidade de vida
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Entre 2000 e 2019, a esperança de vida global aumentou, mas o índice de qualidade de vida saudável não demonstrou uma melhoria proporcional, contribuindo para a elevada prevalência da Síndrome de fragilidade nos idosos. Esta síndrome, avaliada através de ferramentas como o "Fenótipo de Fried," está associada a consequências de saúde adversas e pode ser mitigada através da adesão a dietas saudáveis. Objetivos: Analisar a relação entre níveis de fragilidade e características alimentares, antropométricas, clínicas e de qualidade de vida dos participantes, além de investigar se a localização geográfica influencia o estado de fragilidade. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo foi conduzido em dois distritos de Portugal, em população não institucionalizada, com 65 anos ou mais. A avaliação da prevalência da fragilidade deu-se através do Fenótipo de Fried, e a qualidade de vida foi classificada usando o Questionário WHOQOL-Bref. Para avaliar a adesão à DM, foi utilizada a ferramenta MEDAS. Resultados e discussão: O estudo incluiu 26 homens (34,7%) e 49 mulheres (65,3%), com idade média de 77,3 anos (DP = 8,4). A maioria dos participantes (56,0%) residia em áreas rurais e 61,3% apresentava excesso de peso, segundo a classificação de Lipschitz. A prevalência de pré-fragilidade foi de 64,0% e de fragilidade foi de 29,3%, sem diferenças significativas entre zonas urbanas e rurais. O estado de fragilidade correlacionou-se negativamente com a FPM, em ambos os sexos e com o domínio físico do WHOQOL-Bref. A adesão à DM foi considerada “boa” em 35,0% dos participantes, sendo mais evidente na zona urbana. A FPM foi maior em mulheres que consumiam mais oleaginosas e menor em homens que consumiam, preferencialmente, carnes brancas. Conclusões gerais: Este estudo revelou uma elevada prevalência de pré-fragilidade e fragilidade na população idosa, sendo mais evidente no sexo feminino. O WHOQOL-Bref indicou perceções positivas nos domínios de saúde psicológica e relações sociais, mas pontuações baixas na capacidade física, que se correlacionou com estados mais graves de fragilidade. A adesão à DM foi maior na zona urbana, sem correlação significativa com a fragilidade. Limitações incluem o tamanho amostral reduzido e dados auto-reportados. Trabalhos futuros: Embora amplamente estudada, a Síndrome da fragilidade requer mais estudos para identificar fatores que influenciam o seu desenvolvimento e estabelecer "gold standards". Este trabalho destaca a necessidade de investigar a sua interação com fatores diversos e intervenções passiveis de implementar nos cuidados de saúde primários, no sentido de reduzir o seu impacto.
Background: Between 2000 and 2019, global life expectancy increased, but the healthy quality of life index did not show a proportional improvement, contributing to the high prevalence of frailty syndrome in the elderly. This syndrome, assessed using tools such as the "Fried Phenotype," is associated with adverse health consequences and can be mitigated by adherence to healthy diets. Aim: Analyse the relationship between levels of frailty and the participants' dietary, anthropometric, clinical and quality of life characteristics, and investigate whether geographical location influences the state of frailty. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in two districts of Portugal in non-institutionalised populations aged over 65. The prevalence of frailty was assessed using the Fried Phenotype, and quality of life was classified using the WHOQOL-Bref Questionnaire. The MEDAS questionnaire was used to assess adherence to DM. Results and discussion: The study included 26 men (34.7%) and 49 women (65.3%), with an average age of 77.3 years (SD = 8.4). Most of the participants (56.0%) lived in rural areas and 61.3% were overweight according to the Lipschitz classification. The prevalence of pre-frailty was 64.0% and frailty was 29.3%, with no significant differences between urban and rural areas. Frailty was negatively correlated with HGS in both sexes and with the physical domain of the WHOQOL-Bref. Adherence to DM was considered "good" in 35.0% of participants and was more evident in urban areas. FPM was higher in women who consumed more oilseeds and lower in men who consumed white meat preferentially. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty in the elderly population, which was more evident in females. The WHOQOL-Bref indicated positive perceptions in the domains of psychological health and social relationships, but low scores in physical capacity, which correlated with more severe states of frailty. DM adherence was higher in urban areas, with no significant correlation with frailty. Limitations include small sample size and self-reported data. Future work: Although widely studied, frailty syndrome requires further research to identify factors that influence its development and establish "gold standards". This study highlights the need to investigate its interaction with various factors and interventions that can be implemented in primary health care in order to reduce its impact.
Background: Between 2000 and 2019, global life expectancy increased, but the healthy quality of life index did not show a proportional improvement, contributing to the high prevalence of frailty syndrome in the elderly. This syndrome, assessed using tools such as the "Fried Phenotype," is associated with adverse health consequences and can be mitigated by adherence to healthy diets. Aim: Analyse the relationship between levels of frailty and the participants' dietary, anthropometric, clinical and quality of life characteristics, and investigate whether geographical location influences the state of frailty. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in two districts of Portugal in non-institutionalised populations aged over 65. The prevalence of frailty was assessed using the Fried Phenotype, and quality of life was classified using the WHOQOL-Bref Questionnaire. The MEDAS questionnaire was used to assess adherence to DM. Results and discussion: The study included 26 men (34.7%) and 49 women (65.3%), with an average age of 77.3 years (SD = 8.4). Most of the participants (56.0%) lived in rural areas and 61.3% were overweight according to the Lipschitz classification. The prevalence of pre-frailty was 64.0% and frailty was 29.3%, with no significant differences between urban and rural areas. Frailty was negatively correlated with HGS in both sexes and with the physical domain of the WHOQOL-Bref. Adherence to DM was considered "good" in 35.0% of participants and was more evident in urban areas. FPM was higher in women who consumed more oilseeds and lower in men who consumed white meat preferentially. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty in the elderly population, which was more evident in females. The WHOQOL-Bref indicated positive perceptions in the domains of psychological health and social relationships, but low scores in physical capacity, which correlated with more severe states of frailty. DM adherence was higher in urban areas, with no significant correlation with frailty. Limitations include small sample size and self-reported data. Future work: Although widely studied, frailty syndrome requires further research to identify factors that influence its development and establish "gold standards". This study highlights the need to investigate its interaction with various factors and interventions that can be implemented in primary health care in order to reduce its impact.
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Fragilidade Prevalência Dieta mediterrânica Qualidade de vida Frailty Prevalence Mediterranean diet Quality of life
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