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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O Iémen é hoje um país pautado pela instabilidade e marcado por uma crise
Humanitária de enormes proporções. Ao longo da sua História milenar, o Iémen
atravessou períodos de maior e menor prosperidade e unidade. Durante cerca de 1000
anos, o país esteve sob o domínio dos Imãs Zaiditas e, entre o século XIX e o século
XX, esteve ocupado a norte pelo Império Otomano e a sul pelo Império Britânico.
Tanto o norte como o sul tornaram-se independentes no século XX e, em 1990, o país
reunificou-se. Apesar da esperança que veio com a reunificação, o Iémen nunca
conseguiu, até hoje, ser um país próspero, estável e pacífico. A guerra do Golfo em
1990 e 1991, a guerra civil em 1994, as guerras de Sa’dah entre 2004 e 2010, a
Primavera Árabe em 2011 e o início da guerra civil em 2015, fizeram o país mergulhar
no caos.
Apesar de ser o país Árabe mais pobre do mundo, o Iémen é um país importante
e repleto de significado na região onde se insere. Através da análise da sua história, da
geografia, das relações complexas que mantém com países vizinhos e através da análise
cuidada do seu território e dos atores que ali exercem influência, conclui-se que o Iémen
é um país relevante na região. Pela sua posição geoestratégica privilegiada, pela
situação política que atravessa e pela crise humanitária que ali se gerou, o Iémen é hoje
um dos mais países que mais atenção e preocupação suscita em todo o globo e, a
presente dissertação, procura demonstrar isso mesmo.
Por fim, é objetivo desta dissertação alertar para a necessidade da guerra do
Iémen deixar de ser a “guerra esquecida”.
Yemen is, today, a country characterized by instability and marked by a huge Humanitarian Crises. Throughout its millenary History, Yemen went through moments of greater and lower prosperity and unity. For about 1000 years, the country was under the rule of the Zaidist Imams and, between the XIX and XX centuries, the north of the country was occupied by the Ottoman Empire, while the south was occupied by the British Empire. Both the north and the south became independent during the XX century and, in 1990, the country managed to reunite. Despite the hope that came with the reunification, Yemen, until nowadays, never accomplished to be a prosperous, stable and pacific country. The Gulf war between 1990 and 1991, the civil war in 1994, the Sa’dah wars between 2004 and 2010, the Arab spring in 2011 and the beginning of the civil war in 2015, immersed the country into the chaos. In spite of being the poorest Arab country in the world, Yemen is a country full with significance and importance for its region. Through the analysis of its History and geography, through the study of the complex relations it maintains with its neighbouring countries and through the careful examination of its territory and of all the influencing players there, it is possible to conclude that Yemen is a relevant country in the region. Due to its privileged geostrategic position, due to the political situation that the country faces today and due to the Humanitarian crises that generated inside the country, Yemen is one of countries raising more attention and concern in the world and, this dissertation, seeks to demonstrate just that. Finally, one of the greatest goals of this dissertation is to warn and alert about the importance of no longer characterizing the Yemeni war as the “forgotten war”.
Yemen is, today, a country characterized by instability and marked by a huge Humanitarian Crises. Throughout its millenary History, Yemen went through moments of greater and lower prosperity and unity. For about 1000 years, the country was under the rule of the Zaidist Imams and, between the XIX and XX centuries, the north of the country was occupied by the Ottoman Empire, while the south was occupied by the British Empire. Both the north and the south became independent during the XX century and, in 1990, the country managed to reunite. Despite the hope that came with the reunification, Yemen, until nowadays, never accomplished to be a prosperous, stable and pacific country. The Gulf war between 1990 and 1991, the civil war in 1994, the Sa’dah wars between 2004 and 2010, the Arab spring in 2011 and the beginning of the civil war in 2015, immersed the country into the chaos. In spite of being the poorest Arab country in the world, Yemen is a country full with significance and importance for its region. Through the analysis of its History and geography, through the study of the complex relations it maintains with its neighbouring countries and through the careful examination of its territory and of all the influencing players there, it is possible to conclude that Yemen is a relevant country in the region. Due to its privileged geostrategic position, due to the political situation that the country faces today and due to the Humanitarian crises that generated inside the country, Yemen is one of countries raising more attention and concern in the world and, this dissertation, seeks to demonstrate just that. Finally, one of the greatest goals of this dissertation is to warn and alert about the importance of no longer characterizing the Yemeni war as the “forgotten war”.
Description
Keywords
Iémen Médio Oriente Arábia Saudita Irão Geopolítica Geoestratégia Yemen Middle East Saudi Arabia Iran Geopolitics Geostrategy