Chronic illnesses: varied health patterns and mental health challenges

Leite, Ângela

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/53849

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Leite, Ângela

Abstract(s)

Background/Objectives: Hypertension, diabetes, and cancer are three prevalent chronic conditions with distinct etiologies and significant global health impacts. This study aimed to explore the diverse impacts of different chronic illnesses on health behaviors and psychological well-being, with a focus on identifying and addressing the unique challenges faced by individuals with hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. It was hypothesized that health behaviors and psychological well-being would differ significantly among individuals with hypertension, diabetes, and cancer, reflecting the distinct demands and psychosocial impacts of each condition. Methods: The database of Americans’ Changing Lives, Wave 6, including 767 participants, was used (56.1% hypertension, 20.8% diabetes, and 19.9% cancer cases). Variables concerning physical and mental health issues were chosen. Descriptive statistics summarized the data. Chi-squared and t-tests assessed associations and group differences, with effect sizes reported. Logistic regression examined predictors of hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Sensitivity analyses excluded outliers. Results: Hypertensive individuals are more likely to show cognitive impairment and unhealthy behaviors, including poor self-rated health, higher BMI, lower physical activity, and altered alcohol use. Risk increases with age, widowhood, retirement, hospital admissions, and poor mental health, while more emergency room or doctor visits slightly reduce it. People with diabetes experience greater depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and financial stress. They also tend to have poorer self-rated health, higher BMI, and less physical activity. Risk is higher for separated individuals and lower for females. Psychological distress is a key factor, while age, employment, and healthcare use show minimal influence. Cancer is linked to chronic stress, poorer perceived health, and mental health challenges. Risk is higher among older adults and those who keep house. Poor self-rated health, high BMI, low fruit and vegetable intake, and psychological distress increase risk, but healthcare use is not a strong predictor. Conclusions: While different chronic illnesses present distinct challenges to health behaviors and psychological well-being, they also share common features-such as increased stress and lifestyle disruptions-underscoring the importance of both tailored and cross-cutting interventions to effectively support individuals across conditions.