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Perceção de dificuldades económicas familiares e ajustamento em crianças e adolescentes : revisão sistemática da literatura
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As crises económicas globais e os ciclos de recessão têm vindo a intensificar as desigualdades socioeconómicas, destacando a relevância de compreender o impacto das dificuldades económicas familiares no desenvolvimento infantojuvenil. Esta revisão sistemática da literatura, conduzida segundo as diretrizes PRISMA (Liberati et al., 2009), teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre a perceção de dificuldades económicas familiares e os indicadores de ajustamento em crianças e adolescentes, com idades entre 6 e 18 anos, explorando também fatores mediadores desta relação. Foram analisados 35 estudos empíricos quantitativos, selecionados através de bases de dados como Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, PsycINFO e Medline, publicados até dezembro de 2023, com amostras comunitárias (74,3%) e de risco (25,7%), predominantemente dos Estados Unidos da América (77,1%). Os resultados indicam que 57,1% dos estudos reportaram correlações negativas significativas (r entre -.04 e -.38, p < .05) entre a perceção de dificuldades económicas e indicadores de ajustamento, como a Autoestima e Estratégias de Coping, o Desempenho Académico e os Comportamentos Pró-Sociais. Apesar de, na sua maioria, os estudos reportarem correlações significativas, 28,6% apresentaram associações não significativas, refletindo heterogeneidade metodológica. Embora existam alguns estudos longitudinais, a sua escassa representação, aliada à sub-representação de contextos europeus, como Portugal, evidencia lacunas na literatura. Esta revisão sistemática destaca a importância de se considerar a perceção de dificuldades económicas, para além dos indicadores objetivos, contribuindo ainda para abordar aspetos positivos do ajustamento que são menos explorados na literatura. Este estudo aponta ainda para a necessidade de investigações futuras que utilizem desenhos longitudinais bem como amostras diversificadas para aprofundar a compreensão da relação entre as dificuldades económicas e o ajustamento infantil e juvenil.
Global economic crises and recession cycles have intensified socioeconomic inequalities, underscoring the relevance of understanding the impact of family economic hardships on child and adolescent development. This systematic literature review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines (Liberati et al., 2009), aimed to investigate the association between the perception of family economic difficulties and adjustment indicators in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years, while also exploring mediating factors in this relation. A total of 35 quantitative empirical studies were analysed, selected from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, PsycINFO, and Medline, published up to December 2023, with community samples (74.3%) and at-risk samples (25.7%), predominantly from the United States of America (77.1%). The results indicate that 57.1% of the studies reported significant negative correlations (r ranging from - .04 to -.38, p < .05) between the perception of economic difficulties and adjustment indicators, including Self-Esteem and Coping Strategies, Academic Performance, and Prosocial Behaviours. Although most studies reported significant correlations, 28.6% showed non-significant associations, reflecting methodological heterogeneity. Despite the presence of some longitudinal studies, their limited representation, coupled with the underrepresentation of European contexts, such as Portugal, highlights gaps in the literature. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of considering the perception of economic difficulties beyond objective indicators, while also contributing to the exploration of positive adjustment aspects that are less addressed in the literature. The study further points to the need for future research employing longitudinal designs and diverse samples to deepen the understanding of the relationship between economic hardships and child and adolescent adjustment.
Global economic crises and recession cycles have intensified socioeconomic inequalities, underscoring the relevance of understanding the impact of family economic hardships on child and adolescent development. This systematic literature review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines (Liberati et al., 2009), aimed to investigate the association between the perception of family economic difficulties and adjustment indicators in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years, while also exploring mediating factors in this relation. A total of 35 quantitative empirical studies were analysed, selected from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, PsycINFO, and Medline, published up to December 2023, with community samples (74.3%) and at-risk samples (25.7%), predominantly from the United States of America (77.1%). The results indicate that 57.1% of the studies reported significant negative correlations (r ranging from - .04 to -.38, p < .05) between the perception of economic difficulties and adjustment indicators, including Self-Esteem and Coping Strategies, Academic Performance, and Prosocial Behaviours. Although most studies reported significant correlations, 28.6% showed non-significant associations, reflecting methodological heterogeneity. Despite the presence of some longitudinal studies, their limited representation, coupled with the underrepresentation of European contexts, such as Portugal, highlights gaps in the literature. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of considering the perception of economic difficulties beyond objective indicators, while also contributing to the exploration of positive adjustment aspects that are less addressed in the literature. The study further points to the need for future research employing longitudinal designs and diverse samples to deepen the understanding of the relationship between economic hardships and child and adolescent adjustment.
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Perceção de dificuldades económicas Ajustamento psicológico Crianças e adolescentes Revisão sistemática Perception of economic difficulties Psychological adjustment Children and adolescents Systematic review
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