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Immigrant youth in Portugal: insights from PISA 2022
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Using the 2022 PISA data, this policy paper examines immigrant-native gaps in Portugal across three key domains: (i) academic achievement (mathematics, science, reading), (ii) life satisfaction, and (iii) exposure to bullying. The results show that the raw mean test score gaps in mathematics, science, and reading are 32, 23, and 22 points, respectively, in favor of native students. However, after accounting for student background characteristics and school fixed effects, the achievement gap narrows to 7 points in mathematics and becomes statistically insignificant in science and reading. Moreover, immigrant students report significantly lower life satisfaction than their native peers. First-generation immigrants face higher bullying exposure, even after controlling for socioeconomic factors and school environments. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive policy interventions, including addressing socioeconomic disadvantage, prioritizing language support, ensuring equitable school resources, investing in mental health, and strengthening anti-bullying initiatives to foster inclusive learning environments.
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Contexto Educativo
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Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Licença CC
Sem licença CC