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O presente texto pretende explicitar a ligação entre o princípio da autonomia da ordem jurídica da União Europeia, tal como desenvolvido pelo Tribunal de Justiça, e o processo de reforma da arbitragem investidor-Estado. O desenho dos API concluídos pela União – em especial, do Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (vulgo, CETA) – é revelador de uma estratégia cujo propósito passa pela redução das possibilidades de diálogo judicial entre o direito da União e o direito internacional do investimento estrangeiro, bem como pela predeterminação dos resultados ponderativos entre os direitos dos investidores estrangeiros e o “direito de regular”, isto é, o poder soberano de o Estado de acolhimento emanar normas que afetam a entrada e o desenvolvimento das atividades de investimento. É nosso propósito demonstrar que as propostas de reforma da arbitragem do investimento veiculadas pela União são também uma forma de assegurar as condições da autonomia da ordem jurídica da União, e que dessas propostas resulta um modelo caracterizado pela subtração, aos tribunais de investimento, da “competência” para pôr em causa o nível de proteção do interesse público definido por ato legislativo da União.
This text aims to explain the link between the autonomy of the EU legal order, as developed by the Court of Justice, and the reform Investor-state arbitration is currently undergoing. The design of the new investment treaties – in particular, the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) – reveals that the EU’s strategy is to bring down any chance of judicial dialogue between European Union law and international investment law. Said strategy is also about setting in advance the balancing results between investors’ rights and the State’s “right to regulate”, that is, Host State’s sovereign power to issue rules that affect the entry and development of investment activities. Thus, we intend to demonstrate that the reform path put forward by the European Union regarding investment-state arbitration is aimed at ensuring the conditions of the autonomy of its legal order. Said reform consists in curtailing investment courts and tribunals’ competence to call into question the level of protection of the public interest defined by a European Union’s legislative act.
This text aims to explain the link between the autonomy of the EU legal order, as developed by the Court of Justice, and the reform Investor-state arbitration is currently undergoing. The design of the new investment treaties – in particular, the Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) – reveals that the EU’s strategy is to bring down any chance of judicial dialogue between European Union law and international investment law. Said strategy is also about setting in advance the balancing results between investors’ rights and the State’s “right to regulate”, that is, Host State’s sovereign power to issue rules that affect the entry and development of investment activities. Thus, we intend to demonstrate that the reform path put forward by the European Union regarding investment-state arbitration is aimed at ensuring the conditions of the autonomy of its legal order. Said reform consists in curtailing investment courts and tribunals’ competence to call into question the level of protection of the public interest defined by a European Union’s legislative act.
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Arbitragem Tratados de investimento Investimento Estrangeiro Parecer 1/17 Autonomia CETA Diálogo judicial Reenvio prejudicial Confiança mútua Interpretações vinculativas Efeito direto Gold standard Direito de regular Arbitration Investment treaties Foreign direct investment Opinion 1/17 Autonomy Judicial dialogue Preliminary ruling Mutual trust Binding interpretations Direct effect Gold standard Right to regulate