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Os determinantes socioeconómicos da fertilidade em Espanha
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Nas últimas décadas, Espanha tem enfrentado uma redução significativa da taxa de fecundidade, com implicações para a dinâmica demográfica e económica. O presente estudo analisa o impacto dos determinantes socioeconómicos na variação do nº de filhos, adotando uma abordagem microeconómica e quantitativa. A investigação baseia-se em dados da Encuesta de Fecundidad 2018, conduzida pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística de Espanha, que oferece informações sobre características culturais, económicas e demográficas. Foram estimados modelos de regressão linear por mínimos quadrados, complementados com especificações com efeitos fixos regionais. As variáveis explicativas incluíram fatores culturais, como conceções sobre papéis de género e envolvimento religioso; fatores económicos, como rendimento, estabilidade no emprego e condições habitacionais; e características demográficas, como idade, escolaridade, grau de urbanização e número de irmãos. Os resultados confirmam a importância multifatorial das decisões de fecundidade. Observou-se que as conceções culturais e a estabilidade profissional exercem impactos positivos sobre o nº de filhos, enquanto níveis mais elevados de escolaridade e residência em contextos urbanos associam-se a menor fecundidade. As especificações com efeitos fixos regionais evidenciaram heterogeneidades importantes entre as comunidades autónomas espanholas. Este trabalho contribui para compreender as dinâmicas reprodutivas em Espanha e oferece subsídios para o desenho de políticas públicas que mitiguem o declínio da fecundidade e promovam melhores condições de conciliação entre vida familiar e profissional.
In recent decades, Spain has experienced a significant decline in fertility rates, with important implications for the country’s demographic and economic dynamics. This study analyses the impact of socioeconomic determinants on variations in the number of children, adopting a microeconomic and quantitative approach. The research uses data from the Encuesta de Fecundidad 2018, conducted by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, providing information on cultural, economic, and demographic characteristics of individuals of reproductive age.<br/>Linear regression models using the ordinary least squares method were estimated, complemented by specifications incorporating regional fixed effects. The explanatory variables included cultural factors, such as gender role conceptions and religious involvement; economic factors, such as income, job stability, and housing conditions; and demographic characteristics, including age, education, urbanization, and number of siblings.<br/>The results confirm the multifactorial nature of fertility decisions. Cultural conceptions and job stability had significant positive impacts on the number of children, while higher education levels and residence in urban contexts were associated with lower fertility. Specifications including regional fixed effects revealed important heterogeneities among Spain’s autonomous communities.<br/>This study contributes to understanding reproductive dynamics in Spain and offers insights for designing public policies to mitigate fertility decline and promote conditions facilitating a better balance between family and professional life.
In recent decades, Spain has experienced a significant decline in fertility rates, with important implications for the country’s demographic and economic dynamics. This study analyses the impact of socioeconomic determinants on variations in the number of children, adopting a microeconomic and quantitative approach. The research uses data from the Encuesta de Fecundidad 2018, conducted by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, providing information on cultural, economic, and demographic characteristics of individuals of reproductive age.<br/>Linear regression models using the ordinary least squares method were estimated, complemented by specifications incorporating regional fixed effects. The explanatory variables included cultural factors, such as gender role conceptions and religious involvement; economic factors, such as income, job stability, and housing conditions; and demographic characteristics, including age, education, urbanization, and number of siblings.<br/>The results confirm the multifactorial nature of fertility decisions. Cultural conceptions and job stability had significant positive impacts on the number of children, while higher education levels and residence in urban contexts were associated with lower fertility. Specifications including regional fixed effects revealed important heterogeneities among Spain’s autonomous communities.<br/>This study contributes to understanding reproductive dynamics in Spain and offers insights for designing public policies to mitigate fertility decline and promote conditions facilitating a better balance between family and professional life.
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Fecundidade Determinantes socioeconómicos Espanha Microeconomia Modelos de regressão Fertility Socioeconomic determinants Spain Microeconomics Regression models
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC